Probe electrode study of cathodically polarized PtIr-YSZ interfaces

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Local cathodic polarizations of yttria-stabilized zirconia were carried out with a PtIr probe as the working electrode in a controlled atmosphere high...     

Spin Axioms in Different Geometries of Relativistic Continuum Physics

The 24 components of the relativistic spin tensor consist of 3 + 3 basic spin fields and 9 + 9 constitutive fields. Empirically only three basic spin fields and nine constitutive fields are known. This empirem can be expressed by two spin axioms, one of them denying purely relativistic spin fields, and the other one relating the three additional basic fields and the nine additional constitutive fields to the known (and measurable) ones. This identification by the spin axioms is material-independent and does not mix basic spin fields with constitutive properties. The approaches to the Weyssenhoff fluid and the Dirac-electron fluid found in literature are discussed with regard to these spin axioms. The conjecture is formulated, that another reduction from six to three basic spin fields which does not obey the spin axioms introduces special material properties by not allowed mixing of constitutive and basic fields.     

Partial least-squares regression and fuzzy clustering — A joint approach

Chemical and physical analyses of malt, the main ingredient of beer, have been used to predict the concentration of certain volatile compounds in the finished beer.The prediction was done by means of the partial least squares regression (PLS2) in SIMCA. The total data set as well as individual malt clusters were submitted to PLS analysis. Best prediction was obtained by separating the total object matrix in classes according to similarity found by fuzzy pattern recognition (FCV). FCV was also used to separate the beer variables in classes and to select the subset of variables to be predicted.A joint approach of fuzzy pattern recognition to identify groups of samples and SIMCA-PLS2 to predict several dependent variables is suggested as a powerful tool in process-analytical chemistry.     

Enzyme activity electrophoresis and rocket immunoelectrophoresis for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Geotrichum candidum lipase activity

The development and application of a rocket immunoelectrophoretic and an enzyme activity electrophoretic assay for the qualitative analysis of Geotrichum candidum lipase activity is presented. The sensitivities of the four assays were (in arbitrary units): enzyme activity electrophoresis, 1-0.5; rocket immunoelectrophoresis, 0.5-0.2; radial diffusion, 1; titrimetry, 1. The electrophoretic methods made it possible to distinguish between high and low molecular weight forms of the G. candidum lipases. The enzyme activity electrophoretic methods can be combined with other electrophoretic techniques, as demonstrated here with isoelectric focusing, and produce useful information on physico-chemical differences between different molecular forms of the lipase, e.g. forms with different pI.