Characteristics investigation on heat transfer growth of sonochemically synthesized ZnO-DW based nanofluids inside square heat exchanger

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In recent decades, the growth of heat transfer using nanomaterials in the conventional base fluid has caught the attention of researchers...     

The effect of rapid rotation on a vertical bridgman furnace at large Rayleigh number

In quasi-steady operation, convection currents in a Bridgmandevice, used for producing a semi-conductor crystal, createinhomogeneities that may make the crystal unusable. It has oftenbeen suggested that additional forces due to rotation or magnetismmight be efficacious in reducing the segregation of the elementsof the alloy. It has been found that, over a wide range of rotationrates, there is no improvement in performance due to rotationabout the vertical axis. However, numerical results that havebeen obtained previously (Lee & Pearlstein, J. Crys. Growth240, 2002) indicate that, when effects of centrifugal buoyancyare introduced, a substantial reduction in segregation is achieved.In the work reported here, by contrast, in which we extend previouslarge-Rayleigh-number asymptotic analysis to include centrifugalbuoyancy, we find no improvement in radial segregation, butrather increasing segregation with increasing rotation rate.     

Construction of multiporphyrin arrays using ruthenium and rhodium coordination to phosphines

The synthesis of linear multiporphyrin arrays with mono- and bisphosphine-substituted porphyrins as ligand donors and ruthenium(II) or rhodium(III) porphyrins as ligand acceptors is described. With appropriate amounts of the building blocks mixed, linear dimeric and trimeric arrays have been synthesized and analyzed by (1)H NMR and (31)P NMR spectroscopy. The Ru/Rh acceptor porphyrins can be located either at the periphery or in the center of the array. Likewise, the monophosphine porphyrins can be positioned at the periphery, thus allowing a high degree of freedom in the overall composition of the arrays. This way, both donor and acceptor porphyrins can act as chain extenders or terminators. One of the trimeric complexes with two nickel and one ruthenium porphyrin has also been analyzed by X-ray crystallography. Attempts have also been made to synthesize higher order arrays by mixing appropriate amounts of the porphyrins; however, from the NMR data it cannot be concluded if monodisperse five, seven, or nine porphyrin arrays are present or if the solutions are composed of a statistical mixture of smaller and larger arrays.     

The inequivalence of apparent polarographic and potentiometric stability constants for cadmium(II) bromide and iodide systems

Investigations of the “classical” cadmium(II) bromide and iodide complex ion systems show conclusively that in the presence of moderately strong anion-induced adsorption, apparent polarographic stability constants are larger than those determined by other methods such as potentiometry. Such systems can exhibit seemingly normal d.c. polarographic behaviour, but adsorption is readily detected by a.c. methods. The authors therefore strongly recommend that in systems in which adsorption is detected, polarography should not be used to determine stability constants. Theoretical approaches to explain the observed phenomena are discussed and it is concluded that apparently differing approaches that have appeared in the literature are in fact equivalent.     

Synthesis of a deca-lithium cage containing an [(RN)2As(mu-NR)As(NR)2]4- tetraanion; a homologue of group 15 trianions of the type [E(NR)3]3-

The novel, deca-lithium cage [(mtaNHLi)(As2(Nmta)5)-Li(4).2thf]2 (1) (mtaN = 5-methylthiazolyl, C4H4N2S) contains an imido-bridged tetraanion [(mtaN)2As(mu-Nmta)-As(Nmta)2]4-, which represents a new type of multi-functional imido group 15 ligand framework (homologous with group 15 anions of the type [As(NR)3]3-).