全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6264篇 |
免费 | 195篇 |
国内免费 | 25篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 4215篇 |
晶体学 | 64篇 |
力学 | 171篇 |
数学 | 681篇 |
物理学 | 1353篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 54篇 |
2020年 | 79篇 |
2019年 | 73篇 |
2018年 | 65篇 |
2017年 | 52篇 |
2016年 | 171篇 |
2015年 | 125篇 |
2014年 | 125篇 |
2013年 | 303篇 |
2012年 | 323篇 |
2011年 | 378篇 |
2010年 | 188篇 |
2009年 | 165篇 |
2008年 | 366篇 |
2007年 | 388篇 |
2006年 | 362篇 |
2005年 | 325篇 |
2004年 | 252篇 |
2003年 | 221篇 |
2002年 | 208篇 |
2001年 | 118篇 |
2000年 | 109篇 |
1999年 | 91篇 |
1998年 | 68篇 |
1997年 | 73篇 |
1996年 | 97篇 |
1995年 | 71篇 |
1994年 | 70篇 |
1993年 | 59篇 |
1992年 | 88篇 |
1991年 | 60篇 |
1990年 | 86篇 |
1989年 | 54篇 |
1988年 | 58篇 |
1987年 | 34篇 |
1986年 | 51篇 |
1985年 | 69篇 |
1984年 | 75篇 |
1983年 | 61篇 |
1982年 | 67篇 |
1981年 | 60篇 |
1980年 | 65篇 |
1979年 | 52篇 |
1978年 | 52篇 |
1977年 | 56篇 |
1976年 | 38篇 |
1975年 | 40篇 |
1974年 | 39篇 |
1973年 | 34篇 |
1971年 | 27篇 |
排序方式: 共有6484条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A liquid dewetting method for the determination of the viscoelastic properties of ultrathin polymer films has been extended to study thickness effects on the properties of ultrathin polycarbonate (PC) films. PC films with film thicknesses ranging from 4 to 299 nm were placed on glycerol at temperatures from below the macroscopic glass transition temperature (Tg) to above it with the dewetting responses being monitored. It is found that the isothermal creep results for films of the same thickness, but dewetted at different temperatures can be superposed into one master curve, which is consistent with the fact of PC being a thermorheologically simple material. Furthermore, the results show that the Tg of PC thin films is thickness dependent, but the dependence is weaker than the results for freely standing films and similar to literature data for PC films supported on rigid substrates. It was also found that the rubbery plateau region for the PC films stiffens dramatically, but still less than what has been observed for freely standing polycarbonate films. The rubbery stiffening is discussed in terms of a recently reported model that relates macroscopic segmental dynamics with the stiffening. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 1559–1566 相似文献
2.
3.
Back Cover: Reactions of Group 4 Metallocenes with Monosubstituted Acetonitriles: Keteniminate Formation versus CC Coupling (Chem. Eur. J. 8/2015) 下载免费PDF全文
4.
Becker Otwin Leopold-Wildburger Ulrike 《Central European Journal of Operations Research》2020,28(2):425-440
Central European Journal of Operations Research - This paper combines work to use a decision support tool for sustainable economic development, while acknowledging interdependent dynamics of... 相似文献
5.
Wolfram Bremser Roland Becker Heinrich Kipphardt Petra Lehnik-Habrink Ulrich Panne Antje Töpfer 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2006,11(10):489-495
ISO Guide 35 deals with RM stability issues and scrutinizes the evaluation of stability testing results under the assumption that either there is no trend at all (a rather rare situation), or any observed deterministic change is insignificant and thus can be neglected. However, market demands for reliable reference materials are obviously not limited to stable or at least seemingly stable materials. In many analytical applications, analytes and measurands under consideration are known, or at least suspected, to be unstable on time scales that may vary widely from measurand to measurand. The Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) has developed (and successfully uses) an integrated approach in its certification practice. The approach is based on an initial stability study and subsequent post-certification monitoring. Data evaluation is model-based and takes advantage of all information collected in the stability testing scheme(s). It thus allows one to deal with any kind of instability observed, to assess limiting time intervals at any stress condition in the range tested, to estimate a final expiry date for materials with detected instabilities or the maximum admissible re-testing interval for seemingly stable materials, and to assess maximum admissible stress loads during delivery of the material to the customer. The article describes (and exemplifies) typical study layout, the model selection, and the integrated data assessment. 相似文献
6.
7.
Gregory S. Constable Alan J. Lesser E. Bryan Coughlin 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2003,41(12):1323-1333
An in situ ultrasonic spectroscopy technique was used to study the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of dicyclopentadiene catalyzed by bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)benzylidene ruthenium dichloride. A reaction cell employing a flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) window for pulse echo ultrasonic spectroscopy was used to monitor the polymerization. The changes in the density, wave speed, acoustic modulus, and attenuation were all simultaneously monitored. In comparison with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy data, the changes in the density, velocity, and modulus only accurately measured the rate constant for the metathesis of the cyclopentyl unsaturation. The ultrasonic values were within 6% of the values determined by FTIR. The activation energy for metathesis of the cyclopentyl unsaturation was 84 kJ mol?1, following first‐order kinetics. Rate constants for the polymerization of the norbornyl unsaturation could not be determined by ultrasound. The gel point, vitrification, and qualitative information about the reaction rate could be determined from the change in the attenuation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1323–1333, 2003 相似文献
8.
Eitan Altman Konstantin Avrachenkov Richard Marquez Gregory Miller 《Mathematical Methods of Operations Research》2005,62(3):375-386
We consider a zero-sum stochastic game with side constraints for both players with a special structure. There are two independent
controlled Markov chains, one for each player. The transition probabilities of the chain associated with a player as well
as the related side constraints depend only on the actions of the corresponding player; the side constraints also depend on
the player’s controlled chain. The global cost that player 1 wishes to minimize and that player 2 wishes to maximize, depend
however on the actions and Markov chains of both players. We obtain a linear programming formulations that allows to compute
the value and saddle point policies for this problem. We illustrate the theoretical results through a zero-sum stochastic
game in wireless networks in which each player has power constraints 相似文献
9.
A. Hoffknecht O. Uwira A. Frank S. Schennach W. Spies M. Wagner S. Schippers A. Müller R. Becker M. Kleinod N. Angert P.H. Mokler 《Hyperfine Interactions》1998,114(1-4):257-261
The origin of the widely observed enhancement of rates for electron-ion recombination at very low energies is still unknown.
We investigated the recombination of Au25+ with free electrons in a merged-beams experiment at the UNILAC accelerator of the GSI in Darmstadt. At E
rel= 0 eV we found an enormous enhancement factor of 365 compared to the theory of radiative recombination. An increase of the
electron density by a factor of 10 had not much influence on the measured rate coefficient.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
T. Engel M. Würtz S. Borneis St. Becker I. Klaft A. Kohl T. Kühl F. Laeri D. Marx K. Meier R. Neumann F. Schmitt P. Seelig L. Völker 《Hyperfine Interactions》1997,108(1-3):251-258
Laser spectroscopy at storage rings often suffers from a limited resolution due to Doppler-broadened resonances. Broadening
is caused by the velocity spread of the ions stored in the beam. In the following, the present status of our work on laser
systems specialized on the specific needs of laser spectroscopy at storage rings is reported.
Two pulsed laser systems were developed. One is a dye laser whose spectral bandwidth can be switched by inserting different
Littrow-prisms into the resonator. An increase in bandwidth up to a factor of 45 was achieved. This laser was used for fast
qualitative scans and high resolution measurements. The other laser system is a Nd : YAG laser pumped optical parametric oscillator.
It is a tunable laser system covering the spectral range from 410 to 4000 nm. Furthermore, a continuous wave laser with a
frequency shifted feedback cavity is described. It shows broadband emission with an adjustable bandwidth of up to 4.5 GHz.
This laser can be advantageous for laser cooling of ion beams.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献