PP/EPDM共混体脆韧转变的损伤研究

本文研究了PP/EPDM共混体脆韧转变过程中的损伤区域。首次利用计算机图像分析(CIA)来测定银纹及剪切屈服对损伤能量的贡献。并尝试用逾渗模型来处理剪切屈服区随分散相体积分数的转变,结果表明:冲击强度脆韧转变与基体由银纹转变为剪切破坏方式的机理相对应。还得到了银纹能量耗散密度(F_(cz))及剪切能量耗散密度(F_(sh))两个新参数。对于PP/EPDM共混体而言,F_(sh)约为F_(cz)的四倍,表明剪切屈服是能量耗散的有效途径。     

聚碳酸酯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯共混体酯交换反应机理

用DSC,FT-IR,~1H-NMR及索氏抽提等手段研究了聚碳酸酯(PC)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)共混体的酯交换反应。研究结果表明:PC/PET共混体在熔融处理过程中有酯交换反应发生,并有共聚产物形成,酯交换反应程度可用反应产物的FT-IR谱中特征基团的吸光度之比进行表征,酯交换反应程度不仅与熔融处理条件(反应时间、温度)有关,而且还与共混体的组成比相关。酯交换反应产物经索氏抽提后,抽提产物的FT-IR分析也证实了此结果。此外,利用抽提产物的~1H-NMR分析得出了酯交换反应中形成的共聚产物的结构式,并提出了可能的反应机理。     

A New Criterion for Brittle-Ductile Transition of Polymer Blends

The T_c criterion was first used by S. Wu for characterizing the brittleductile (B-D) transition of N6/EPDM blends. But in this paper, a new criterion which is based on the stress analysis of blends is proposed to characterize the B-D transitions of blends, namely, A criterionV_(fc) and d_c are the critical volume fractions and particle size of dispersed particles in blends, respectively. For given blends, A is independent of the morphology of dispersed phase and is only the characteristic parameter of matrix. The B-D transitions of different blends, including polar N6/EPDM blends, nonpolar PP/EPDM blends and PE/CaCO_3 composites, were manipulated with A criterion and satisfactory results were obtained. In addition, a new master curve for the impact strength of PP/EPDM blends versus V_f~2/d was obtained. The results showed that A criterion is more suitable than T_c criterion for characterizing the B-D transition of blends.     

高性能聚酰亚胺气凝胶的制备进展

气凝胶是轻质开孔的介孔材料,由于其特殊的性质,如低密度(0.003~0.5g/cm3)、高孔隙率(70%~99.8%)、低介电常数(~1.1)、低热导率(最低为0.012W/(m·K))和高比表面积(100~1600m2/g),因此可应用于隔热材料、隔音材料、催化剂载体、药物缓释材料、低介电材料、吸附剂等。聚酰亚胺是一类重要的高性能聚合物,近些年,聚酰亚胺气凝胶备受重视。本文综述了现有多种聚酰亚胺气凝胶的制备方法及其优缺点,并对今后的研究工作进行了展望。     

The Correlation Between Particle-Size Dispersity and Percolation Threshold of Brittle-Ductile Transition in Polymer Blends

Percolation threshold of Brittle-Ductile (B-D) transition and its relation with the affecting varibles (such as particle-size dispersity, interphase adhesion)in polymer blends are studied.Percolation Threshold (Φ_(sc)) which is equivalent to that of B-D transition and critical matrix ligament thickness (T_c) are first independently calculated and the correlated equation between Φ_(sc) and σ_g is also given.In addition, a new type of master curve of S_1(G_0,toughness) with Φ_s (stress volume fraction) for polymer blends is proposed and the new parameter Φ_(so) (up-limited stress volume fraction) is also discussed. The results confirm that Φ_(sc) is not only related with σ_g,but also tightly related with the interphase adhesion.     

聚合物共混体系脆韧转变的逾渗阈值及其与分散度的关系

本文研究了聚合物共混体系脆韧转变的逾渗阈值及其影响因素。首次计算出共混体系的逾渗阈值φ_(sc)(等价于脆韧转变逾渗阈值)及临界基体层厚度Tc,并给出了φsc与分散相粒子分散度σg的关系式。此外,还首次得到了共混体系的冲击韧性(S_1)与应力体积分数(φs)的主曲线,并讨论了一个新的参数φso(上限应力体积分数)。研究结果表明:φsc不仅与粒径的分散度有关,而且还与基体、分散相间的界面粘接密切相关。     

具有双峰泡孔结构的聚合物微发泡材料研究进展

聚合物发泡材料因其多孔结构及轻量化、冲击韧性好、隔热、吸音等性能而广泛应用于包装、建筑、隔热、吸音、组织支架、吸油等领域。相比于含单峰泡孔结构的发泡材料,具有双峰泡孔结构的聚合物微发泡材料因小泡孔可以提供良好的力学性能、隔热性能等,而大泡孔能够降低材料的表观密度,表现出更优异的性能。近年来,含双峰泡孔的微发泡材料备受关注。本文综述了具有双峰泡孔结构的聚合物微发泡材料的最新研究进展,包括双峰泡孔结构的制备方法、性能及其在力学、吸声、隔热以及组织工程等领域的应用,以及值得深入研究的问题和未来发展前景。     

Damage Studies of Brittle-Ductile Transition in PP EPDM Blends

Damage zones of brittle-ductile (B-D) transition in PP/EPDM blends are studied in this paper. The contribution of crazing and shear yielding zones in damage zones to energy dissipation of blends was measured with computer image analysis (CIA) and the transition of shear yielding zone (A_(sh)) with rubber volume fraction (V_f) was also manipulated. Results showed that the B-D transition of impact strength of blends corresponded to the fracture mechanism in PP/EPDM blends, from matrix crazing to matrix shear yielding. In addition, two new parameters, density of energy dissipation for crazing zone (F_(cz)) and for shear yielding zone (F_(sh)), are first obtained in this paper. The value of F_(sh) is about four times larger than that of F_(cz) for PP/EPDM blends, which confirmed that the matrix shear yielding is a more effective way of energy dissipation in blends.     

聚合物共混体脆韧转变的判据

本文从应力分析的角度出发,提出了一个新的判据来表征共混体的脆韧转变,即A判据,A=V_(fc)~2/d_c=常数,V_(fc),d_c分别为共混体中分散相粒子的临界体积分数及临界粒径。对于给定的基体,A与分散相的形态无关,仅是基体的特征参数。以A判据来处理不同共混体的脆韧转变,包括极性的N 6/EPDM共混体系、非极性的PP/EPDM共混体系及填充的PE/CaCO_3共混体系等均取得了满意的结果。此外,本文还首次得到了共混体的冲击韧性(G)与V_f~2/d关系的主曲线。研究表明:在处理共混体的脆韧转变时,A判据较T_c判据具有更好的适用性。