毛白杨的叶肉原生质体培养再生植株

毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)是我国华北地区特有的一种林木,从毛白杨无菌苗分离得到的叶肉原生质体在改良的KM8p液体培养基中进行浅层培养,7天后开始第一次细胞分裂,1O天时分裂频率可达20％左右,随后形成大量的细胞团和愈伤组织,通过调整培养基中的激素浓度,愈伤组织呈黄绿色并逐渐变得紧密,当这种愈伤组织转到附加玉米素和吲嗓乙酸或者萘乙酸的MS培养基上时,培养4—5周后开始有芽的分化,待芽伸长后从基部切下转到无激素的1/2MS培养基上,即长根形成完整植株。     

纪念杰出的科学家、教育家和社会活动家周培源先生——《周培源文集》前言

周培源教授是我国老一代杰出的科学家、教育家和社会活动家,在我国科技界和教育界享有崇高的声望.在他光辉的一生中,为繁荣我国的科技教育事业,为增进世界各国人民之间的团结和友谊做出了不懈的努力,取得了光辉的成就,立下了不可磨灭的功勋,赢得了国内外人士的敬仰和爱戴,被人们誉为"科学巨匠"、"红色中国的物理学家"、"桃李满园的一代宗师"、"杰出的民间外交家"与"和平老人".     

大麦花药培养中的密度效应

本文研究了大麦(Hordeum vulgare)花药在漂浮培养中,为获得大量花粉愈伤组织,用已经低温预处理的单核中期花药,接种密度至少需在60枚/毫升。外源激素(2,4-D和激动素)对于愈伤组织的形成并非必须。但如不加激素,需用更高的花药密度。 高密度也可用相应减少培养基的体积(用0.2毫升的液滴培养)来达到。使用预先培养过二核期花药的条件培养基,也可有效地降低所需的密度,而愈伤组织的产量和生长情况常仍比用新鲜培养基在最适密度下的培养为优。作者认为对于其他象大麦一样,花药小、对培养反应差的植物,有可能用类似本文所提出的方法,以提高花药培养的效率。     

INOCULATION DENSITY IN THE CULTURE OF BARLEY ANTHERS

To ensure high yields of pollen calluses in float cultures of Hordeum vulgare anthers,inoculation densities of at least 60 pretreated stage 2 anthers are needed per ml of medium.This is shown for two spring barleys, Sabarlis and Delta, and one winter barley, Maris Otter.The optimal density varies from batch to batch, and may be as high as 120 per ml in someinstances. Exogenous hormones (kinetin and 2, 4-D) are not essential for callus productionbut without them higher anther densities are required. High densities can be achieved with relatively few anthers by culture in drops of medium(0.2ml). In this event, the volume of medium needs to be increased gradually in order to main-tain vigorous growth of the calluses. Alternatively, inoculation densities can be reduced topractical levels (10--20 per ml) by pre-conditioning of the medium with anthers. At low densi-ties with medium pre-conditioned by stages 5--6 anthers, that is, anthers older than those usedfor culture, better callus yields and better growth of the calluses are obtained than at peakdensities with unconditioned medium. It is suggested that the 'drop procedure' combined with 'conditioning' would be aprofitable approach to the testing of other species which, like barley, have small and suppos-edly poor responding anthers.     

鼻咽癌组织拉曼光谱研究进展

鼻咽癌是东南亚地区及中国南方地区高发的恶性肿瘤,具有独特的地理、种族分布特点,并且存在恶性程度高、预后差、早期诊断困难等问题。拉曼光谱技术是基于非弹性光散射基本原理的一种快速且无损的检测方法,能够在分子振动水平上提供生化成分等信息。综述基于拉曼光谱技术的鼻咽癌组织研究最新进展。主要介绍了国内外小组采用拉曼光谱及表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)进行鼻咽癌组织检测研究的概况,其中重点介绍该研究小组近期在鼻咽癌组织的高波数拉曼光谱、鼻咽癌组织涂片的拉曼光谱,以及研发的人活体鼻咽癌组织内镜检测装置及其临床实验情况。最后,对鼻咽癌组织拉曼光谱研究的发展前景进行了展望。     

CULTURE AND REGENERATION OF POPLAR MESOPHYLL PROTOPLASTS

Populus tomentosa is one special species of poplar growing in North China. Mesophyllprotoplasts were isolated from the axenic shoots and cultured in the modified KM8p liquidmedium. Protoplast-derived cells started to divide after 7 days of culture. The frequencyof cell division reached about 20% in 10 days. The yellowish green calli grew compact andnodular after the hormone concentration of medium was adjusted. Shoot formation occurredwhen the protoplast--derived calli were transferred onto MS medium containing zeatin andIAA or NAA. The shoots rooted readily on 1/2 MS hormone--free medium.     

高等植物根原生质体的分离和培养

本文由12种植物,其中包括8种豆科植物(绿豆、黑绿豆、大豆、豌豆、木豆、蚕豆、苜蓿和胡卢巴)和4种十字花科植物(油菜、本油菜、甘兰和白芥)的萌发种子的幼根分离得到了根原生质体.根原生质体在培养中表现出活跃的分裂能力.除了在木豆和蚕豆中仅观察到细胞分裂外,其余10种植物的根原生质体均形成了愈伤组织。其中苜蓿根原生质体通过形成胚状体再生了植株,而油菜和甘兰的根原生质体通过愈伤组织诱导成芽也再生了植株,由此证明了根原生质体的全能性.这为那些在分离或培养原生质体方面仍存在困难的植物种提供了另一可供选择的系统.本文还讨论了这一系统的优点以及存在的问题。     

ROOT PROTOPLAST ISOLATION AND CULTURE IN HIGHER PLANTS

A simple enzymatic method has been developed for the isolation of protoplasts in workable quantities from radicles of 1—3 days germinating seeds of twelve plant species, including eight legumes (Cajanus cajan, Glycine max, Medicago sativa, Phaseolus aureus, P. mungo, Pisum sativum, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Vicia fabs) and four members of the Cruciferae (Brassica alba (Sinapsis alba), B. campestris, B. napus and B. oleracea). Root protoplasts showed high division potential, with callus formation in most species tested except C. cajan and V. faba, where only a few cell divisions were observed. Plantlets were regenerated from root protop]ast-derived tissues via shoot formation in B. napus and B. oleracea, and somatic embryogenesis in M. sativa, demonstrating the totipotency of root protoplasts. Root protoplasts provide a useful experimental system for cultural studies and genetic manipulations, especially for those species which have previously been recalcitrant in culture. The advantages of root pr