碳化硅压腔和高压下的中子衍射

使用宝石级碳化硅晶体作为压砧材料，成功研制出了碳化硅压腔（MAC），并应用全景式MAC进行了高压下物质的中子衍射实验研究。结果表明，MAC是一种既能产生高的压力又具有大的高压样品室的装置，特别适合于高压下的中子衍射研究。     

球粒陨石的熔融分异过程和地球的初期演化

本文以陨石学和太阳系演化学的基本结论为依据,论证了地球原始物料是由与各化学群球粒陨石类似的多种星云凝聚物组成。通过球粒陨石的高压熔融实验,说明了球粒陨石在高温高压下经历了两次大的分异过程。在此基础上对地球的初期演化做出了讨论:原始地球由Fe-Ni内核和球粒陨石质的原始幔构成,原始幔的第一次分异形成了Fe-Ni-S(P,C)外核,第二次分异形成了不同成分的两种原始壳——富Si,Al质原始壳和富Ca,Al质原始壳。     

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF MINERALS IN QINGZHEN METEORITE AND ITS GEOCHEMISTRY SIGNIFICANCE

The chemical compositions of silicate minerals, sulphide minerals and metal Fe-Ni in theQingzhen meteorite were measured by the microprobe analyses. Based upon these chemicalcompositions, the cosmochemical behaviour and characteristics of the existing forms of themajor elements in the Qinzhen meteorite have been discussed. These characteristics show thatunder the S-rich, O-poor, and strongly reducing conditions, the light metal elements, such asCa, Mg, K, Na may form sulphide, and metal Fe-Ni may contain Si and P. However, we con-sider that the light metal-sulphide can be stable in the lower mantle and there are some Siand P in the Fe-Ni core. Finally, an earth core-mantle model is established, where the Fe-Ni core contains some Si and P; the lower mantle is composed of Mg-rich silicate, SiO_2 andsulphide; the upper mantle, of silicate and oxide.     

地球深部探索与高压研究

地球内部是一个复杂的高温高压系统,地球核心的压力约360GPa,温度约5000℃,地球内部物质在高温高压条件下演化成为目前的地球层圈结构,在地球表面发生的许多重大的地质事件,都与高温高压条件下地球深部物质的性质密切相关,文章介绍了近年来高压物质科学的某些研究现状,并提出了若干地球科学中急待研究的科学问题。     

A New Method of Measurement for Elastic Wave Velocities in Minerals and Rocks at High Temperature and High Pressure and Its Significance

We developed a new method of measurement for elastic wave velocity of rocks and minerals at high temperature and high pressure in a wedge-type cubic anvil. The shear-wave and other ultrasonic wave can be identified by full wave phase analysis (FWPA), thus the velocities of compression-wave and shear-wave can be obtained in a single experiment. We have done the measurements of elastic wave velocities on pyrophyllite, etc. at high pressure (0.1—5.5 GPa) and high temperature (ambient temperature 1600℃), the ranges of the pressure and the temperature are in the head among the methods of the wave velocites measurement in laboratory in the world.     

地球早期分异过程中微量元素分配的模拟实验研究

本文通过枣阳球粒陨石(H_5群)高压熔融实验研究,分析并总结出一些微量元素在实验产物各相——金属-硫化物相、富硅铝熔体相和超基性熔体相之间的分配规律。探讨地球早期分异过程中微量元素的地球化学行为特征,得出一些微量元素在地球早期分异过程中的分配机理,并提出稀土元素的配分总趋势在地球演化初期就基本定型的观点。     

The Melting-Differentiation of Chondrite and Initial Evolution of Earth

On the basis of elementary knowledge of meteoritics and the theory of solarsystem evolution, the primary matter of the earth was proved to be composed of various nebular condensates similar to each group of chondrites.The melting-experiments of chondriteat high pressure show that chondrite undergoes two major differentiation stages under high temperature and high pressure.In accordance with these results,the initial evolution of the earth is inferred:the original earth consisted of Fe-Ni inner core and quasi-chondrite original mantle. The first differentiation of original mantle resulted in the formation of Fe-Ni-S(P,C) outer core, then the second differentiation of mantle created two types of original crust——Si, Al-rich and Ca, Al-rich.     

地球的层圈结构、力学性质和地幔矿物的高压相变

简要介绍了目前被广泛采用的地球内部的分层结构，并说明了板块构造体系中岩石圈和软流层所对应的分层方法，以及各层圈的主要物质成分组成．较系统地介绍了地幔矿物的高压相变实验结果和地幔的矿物组成．结合高温高压下矿物的流变实验，讨论了岩石圈、上地幔、过渡带和下地幔的变形机制和流变学性质。     

高温高压下测量岩石矿物波速的新方法及其意义

在紧装式六面顶高压装置上建立了一套新的高温超高压下弹性波速的测量方法。并应用全波震相分析方法对高温高压下横波和其它类型波的初至到时进行识别,因而能一次实验同时获得纵波和横波两种波速。已用该方法进行了叶蜡石等物质的高温高压下波速测量,所达到的压力(0.1—5.5GPa)和温度(室温—1600℃)范围在同类测量方法中居世界领先地位。     

高温高压下黑云母中氩扩散研究

对黑云母在700—1000℃和0.5～2.0GPa温压条件下进行了氩扩散的动力学实验研究。根据不同扩散模型计算了各种温压下的扩散系数和活化能。结果表明,压力对扩散起明显作用,压力升高导致氩扩散系数降低、活化能增加,其作用和温度相反。计算了压力、封闭温度和冷却速率三者之间的关系。推测在某种低温高压条件下,氩有可能进行从介质到矿物的反向扩散,使矿物获得过剩氩。