193 nm photolysis of CHCl3: Probe of the CH product by CRDS

The CH radical production induced by 193 nm two-photon photolysis of CHCl₃ has been measured for the first time via the cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy of its A–X bands, using a commercial nanosecond pulsed dye laser. The range of pressure and laser intensity, as well as the time window detection, have been carefully chosen to ensure a constant CH number density during the measurement and to avoid post-photolysis reactivity. Internal energy distribution of the CH(X²II) fragment has been derived from population distribution simulations, leading to an average vibrational temperature T_vib = 1900 ± 50 K and rotational temperature T_rot = 300 ± 20 K. Two competing mechanisms can be invoked for the CH production channel: either two-photon absorption via resonant excited states of CHCl₃ leading to dissociation of excited CHCl₃, or two-photon sequential dissociation via the formation of the vibrationally excited CHCl₂ fragment. The latter mechanism is proposed to be the prominent process for CH formation.     

乳液体系中影响分散相粒子大小及分布的因素——cmcO及cmcW的协同作用

用马尔文MastersizerMicroplus型激光粒度仪对液体石蜡及环氧树脂E-20与甲苯等有机溶剂以不同比例所形成的体系经乳化后的粒子大小及分布进行研究,结果表明,随着油溶性表面活性剂在油相中溶解性的改善,分散相的粒子大小及分布也明显得到改善.cmcO及cmcW的协同作用对获得理想的分散相粒子大小及分布起到了至关重要的作用     

Studies on copper(II) complexes of some polyaza macrocycles derived from 1,2-diaminoethane

Syntheses of copper(II) complexes of 20-membered and 15-membered aza macrocycles 1,3,6,8,11,13,16,18-octaaza-2,7,12,17-tetrachlorocycloeicosane (OTCE, [20]-N₈) and 1,3,6,8, 11,13-hexaazacyclopentadecane (HCPD, [15]-N₆) involving metal template condensation between 1,2-diaminoethane, trichloromethane and dichloromethane, respectively, are reported. Formulation of [Cu₄(OTCE)(H₂O)₈]Cl₈ and [Cu₃(HCPD)(H₂O)₆]Cl₆ · 2H₂O and the ligand hydrochlorides OTCE · 8HCl and HCPD · 6HCl are supported by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, and spectral studies. For a comparative cavity size effect on the stability constant, potentiometric measurements on the copper complexes of the generated macrocycles [15]-N₆ and [20]-N₈ and the structurally related larger macrocycle 1,3,6,8,11,13,16,18,21,23-decaaza-2,2,7,7,12,12,17,17,22,22-decachlorocyclopentacosane (DDCP, [25]-N₁₀, prepared recently) have been performed in aqueous solution at 25°C (μ = 0.1 M KNO₃). Very high stability constants obtained for reaction Cu²⁺ + A ? CuA²⁺ (A = ligand, log K = 20.51 and 25.87, respectively, for OTCE and DDCP systems) are a reflection on the folding of the ligand to provide a small cavity suitable for fitting of the copper ion. Further, a high equilibrium constant value for CuA²⁺ + Cu²⁺ ? Cu₂A⁴⁺ (OTCE system, log K = 14.59) or Cu₂A⁴⁺ + Cu²⁺ ? Cu₃A⁶⁺ (DDCP system, log K = 16.69) is due to suitable fitting of two and three copper ions in the 20-membered and 25-membered ring cavity of OTCE and DDCP, respectively.     

某些Lewis碱与CCl4和CHCl3在298.15K的过量体积

在298.15 K下用连续稀释膨胀计或振动管密度计测量了二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、γ-丁内酯(γ-BL)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)分别与四氯化碳和三氯甲烷构成的二元系的过量体积。除DMSO+CHCl_2二元系的V~(E-x)曲线为S形外, 其余二元系的V~E值均为负值。在所研究的两个系列中, |V_(min)~E|的大小顺序均为: NMP>γ-BL>DMF≈DMA>DMSO     

Densities, viscosities, and ultrasonic velocity studies of binary mixtures of trichloromethane with methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, and butan-1-ol at T = (298.15 and 308.15) K

Densities, viscosities, and ultrasonic velocities of binary mixtures of trichloromethane with methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, and butan-1-ol have been measured over the entire range of composition, at (298.15 and 308.15) K and at atmospheric pressure. From the experimental values of density, viscosity, and ultrasonic velocity, the excess molar volumes (V^E), deviations in viscosity (Δη), and deviations in isentropic compressibility (Δκ_s) have been calculated. The excess molar volumes, deviations in viscosity and deviations in isentropic compressibility have been fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The Jouyban-Acree model is used to correlate the experimental values of density, viscosity, and ultrasonic velocity.     

三氯甲烷在外电场中的物理性质研究

三氯甲烷是挥发性卤代烃,可通过皮肤接触、呼吸或饮水进入人体,危害人体健康,其物理性质的进一步研究对于保护环境与人体健康十分重要.本文采用DFT(密度泛函理论)计算方法,在B3PW91/6-311G+(2d, p)基组水平下对三氯甲烷分子进行优化,从分子结构角度研究了不同外电场作用下,三氯甲烷分子的总能量,键长,电偶极矩,解离势能面,隧穿电离和红外光谱.计算结果表明,随着外加电场的增大,分子键长逐渐增长,偶极矩也随之增加,然而分子的总能量却逐渐减小.分子的最低空轨道能量与最高占据轨道能量之间的能隙也随着外加电场的增大而降低.分子的解离能在增加的电场条件下逐渐降低,吸收光谱的IR强度也有明显的变化.上述的计算结果为利用电场降解三氯甲烷提供重要的理论参考.