Optimal control of an SIQRS epidemic model with three measures on networks

Nonlinear Dynamics - At present, the main measures for disease control are vaccination, quarantine and treatment. Taking the three measures into consideration, time-varying optimal control problems...     

基于电化学老化衰退模型的锂离子动力电池外特性

当前锂离子动力电池电化学模型存在模型复杂、建模难度大、计算效率低、老化评估效果差的问题,本文提出一种考虑电池衰退老化的机理模型(ADME).本文首先通过有限差分法对伪二维(P2D)电化学模型进行离散降阶处理,得到简化伪二维(SP2D)模型.在SP2D模型的基础上,基于阴阳两极发生的副反应导致的衰退老化现象,提出一种考虑电池衰退老化的机理模型.其次,使用多变量偏差补偿最小二乘法实现模型参数辨识.最后通过动力电池衰退老化性能循环实验,对比分析了恒流、脉冲工况下SP2D模型和ADME模型的终端电压输出.结果表明:ADME模型较为简单、计算效率和估算精度高,可以有效评估电池容量老化衰退,得到理想的锂离子动力电池外特性曲线.     

A self-penetrating and chemically stable zinc (ii)-organic framework as multi-responsive chemo-sensor to detect pesticide and antibiotics in water

Guided by the self-penetrating features can improve the stability of metal organic frameworks (MOFs), an unprecedented 3D self-penetrated framework, {[Zn (tptc)_0.5(bimb)]·H₂O}_n ( NUC-6 , here NUC corresponding to North University of China), with 3D (4,4)-c {8⁶} net, was designed. Benefit from the high chemical stability and excellent luminescent property, NUC-6 can be act as an efficient multi-response chemo-sensor in detecting dichloronitroaniline pesticide and nitrofuran antibiotics in water with the detection limits are 116 ppb for DCN pesticide, 16 ppb for NFT antibiotic, and 12 ppb for NTZ antibiotic. Besides, the mechanisms of luminescence quenching were revealed from the viewpoint of internal filter effect (IFE) and photo-induced electron transfer (PET), implied by the optical spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculation. This work provides a promising strategy to design stable MOFs by improving the self-penetrating features and to expand their practical applications in the detection of organic pollutants in aqueous medium.     

Nanoscale detection of faint machinery vibration using the NV center in diamond

We propose a novel method for detection of the faint machinery vibration at the nanometer resolution based on the spin magnetic resonant effect. A suspension magnet acts as a vibration sensor to transfer the vibration signals as the magnetic field fluctuation to excite the spin magnetic resonance. Due to the high sensitivity of the magnetic field of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, the theoretical detection limit of mechanical vibration is as high as 5.7 nm, and the actual measurement resolution reached 12.8 nm, and proved the potential for further improvement to ∼pm resolution. The feasibility of this method is verified by dynamic tests. This method provides a novel approach for the detection of micro-mechanical vibrations.     

利用带无标签数据的双支持向量机对恒星光谱分类

恒星光谱分类是天文技术与方法领域一直关注的热点问题之一。随着观测设备持续运行和不断改进，人类获得的光谱数量与日俱增。这些海量光谱为人工处理带来了极大挑战。鉴于此，研究人员开始关注数据挖掘算法，并尝试对这些光谱进行数据挖掘。近年来，神经网络、自组织映射、关联规则等数据挖掘方法广泛应用于恒星光谱分类。在这些方法中，支持向量机(SVM)以其强大的学习能力和高效的分类性能而备受推崇。SVM的基本思想是试图在两类样本之间找到一个最优分类面将两类分开。SVM在求解时，通过将其最优化问题转化为具有(QP)形式的凸问题，进而得到全局最优解。尽管该方法在实际应用中表现优良，但为了进一步提高其分类能力，有的学者提出双支持向量机(TSVM)。该方法通过构造两个非平行的分类面将两类分开，每一类靠近某个分类面，而远离另一个分类面。TSVM的计算效率较之传统SVM提高近4倍，因此，自TSVM提出后便受到研究人员的持续关注，并出现若干改进算法。在恒星光谱分类中，一般分类算法都是根据历史观测光谱来建立分类模型，其中最关键的是对光谱进行人工标注，这项工作极为繁琐，且容易犯错。如何利用已标记的光谱以及部分无标签的光谱来建立分类模型显得尤为重要。因此，提出带无标签数据的双支持向量机(TSVMUD)用以实现对恒星光谱智能分类的目的。该方法首先将光谱分为训练数据集和测试数据集两部分；然后，在训练集上进行学习，得到分类依据；最后利用分类依据对测试集上的光谱进行验证。继承了双支持向量机的优势，更重要的是，在训练集上学习分类模型过程中，不仅考虑有标记的训练样本，也考虑部分未标记的样本。一方面提高了学习效率，另一方面得到更优的分类模型。在SDSS DR8恒星光谱数据集上的比较实验表明，与支持向量机SVM、双支持向量机TSVM以及K近邻(KNN)等传统分类方法相比，带无标签数据的双支持向量机TSVMUD具有更优的分类能力。然而，该方法亦存在一定的局限性，其中一大难题是其无法处理海量光谱数据。该工作将借鉴海量数据随机采样思想，利用大数据处理技术，来对所提方法在大数据环境下的适应性展开进一步研究。     

Unsteady aerodynamic reduced-order modeling of an aeroelastic wing using arbitrary mode shapes

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based unsteady aerodynamic reduced-order model (ROM) can offer significant improvements to the efficiency of transonic aeroelastic analysis. To construct a ROM based on mode shapes, one run of CFD solver is needed to compute aerodynamic responses corresponding to mode excitations. When mode shapes change with structure, another run of the CFD solver is required to construct the new ROM. The typically large computational cost associated with repeated runs of the CFD solver impedes the application of existing unsteady aerodynamic reduced-order modeling methods to transonic aeroelastic design optimization and aeroelastic uncertainty analysis. This paper demonstrates a method that can replace the CFD solver used in the process of existing unsteady aerodynamic reduced-order modeling. It can produce aerodynamic responses corresponding to mode excitations for arbitrary mode shapes within a few seconds. Computational cost can be reduced by two orders of magnitude using the mode excitations and the corresponding aerodynamic responses computed by the method to construct the ROMs used for flutter analyses in aeroelastic design optimization or aeroelastic uncertainty analysis in transonic regime compared with the existing unsteady aerodynamic reduced-order modeling methods. Results show that the method can accurately produce the aerodynamic responses corresponding to the mode excitations and predict the flutter characteristics of AGARD 445.6 wings root-attached in three different ways.     

Effects of Ionic Liquids on the Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Activation by Frustrated Lewis Pairs: A Density Functional Theory Study**

Nowadays, hydrogen activation by frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) and their applications are one of the emerging research topics in the field of catalysis. Previous studies have shown that the thermodynamics of this reaction is determined by electronic structures of FLPs and solvents. Herein, we investigated systems consisting of typical FLPs and ionic liquids (ILs), which are well known by their large number of types and excellent solvent effects. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to study the thermodynamics for H₂ activation by both inter- and intra-molecular FLPs, as well as the individual components. The results show that the computed overall Gibbs free energies in ILs are more negative than that computed in toluene. Through the thermodynamics partitioning, we find that ILs favor the H−H cleavage elemental step over the elemental steps of proton attachment, hydride attachment and zwitterionic stabilization. Moreover, the results show that these effects are strongly dependent on the type of FLPs, where intra-molecular FLPs are more affected compared to the inter-molecular FLPs.     

可用于连续识别Cu^2+和阴离子、中性分子荧光探针的研究进展

铜(Cu)含量的高低直接影响着生命体的正常运转和自然体系的平衡.检测铜离子的方法多种多样,其中具有较高敏感度和选择性的荧光化学传感器应用更加广泛.综述了以Cu^2+为基的荧光化学传感器通过"替换"法实现了对阴离子S^2-, CN^-, H2PO4^-, PPi和I^-以及中性分子ATP、ADP和生物硫醇等的连续识别的研究进展.     

ZCuPb20Sn5合金耐磨性能研究

ZCuPb₂₀Sn₅合金作为柱塞泵转子内衬材料，因其含铅量高，而具有良好的减摩耐磨性能，可避免转子在工作中的磨损失效问题. 选用销盘式摩擦磨损试验机，以ZCuPb₂₀Sn₅和45钢为摩擦副，研究了不同PV值和油润滑条件下，ZCuPb₂₀Sn₅合金的摩擦磨损性能. 结果表明:随着PV值的增加，ZCuPb₂₀Sn₅合金的摩擦系数先增加后减小，而磨损率呈增加趋势. 在载荷50 N和线速度2.410 m/s条件下，摩擦系数和磨损率最低，摩擦系数最低能达到0.010，平均摩擦系数达到1个最低峰值点0.063；在载荷250 N、线速度3.610 m/s以及PV值为126 MPa·m/s的条件下，摩擦系数达到另一低峰值0.070，磨损率为2.972×10?7 mm3/(N·m). PV值最大时，摩擦系数和磨损率最大. 载荷小于150 N时，在油润滑的作用下，主要磨损机制为轻微黏着磨损；载荷大于150 N时，在铅和油的协同作用下，以黏着磨损为主，少量磨粒磨损；当载荷大于250 N时，摩擦系数与磨损率均偏高，以磨粒磨损为主，局部有少量氧化磨损.      

近壁声空泡溃灭微射流冲击流固耦合模型及蚀坑反演分析

超声场下液体环境中近壁空泡溃灭会产生强烈的微射流，为探究微射流冲击壁面流固耦合效应，利用流体力学及冲击动力学，考虑了率相关的J-C材料本构模型，建立并分析了微射流冲击壁面流固耦合三维模型，并通过超声空化试验和基于球形压痕试验理论的反演分析进行了验证。结果表明:微射流冲击下材料表面出现微型凹坑，凹坑深度由微射流速度和微射流直径共同决定且随其增大而增大，凹坑直径主要与微射流直径正相关，而凹坑径深比则主要与微射流速度负相关；壁面压强基本呈对称分布且最大压强出现在微射流冲击边缘；超声空化试验验证了微射流冲击下材料表面出现的微型凹坑，反演分析方法表明，在16～18的径深比下，微射流冲击强度为420～500 MPa，对应的微射流速度为310～370 m/s。试验及反演分析结果与理论分析结果相符，验证了流固耦合模型及反演分析方法的合理性及准确性，为后续工程应用中空化强度、微射流速度等的控制提供了理论参考。