加拿大推出能即时监测空气质量的可穿戴设备

<正>加拿大一新创公司推出了一款新型可穿戴设备,称为TZOA包围追踪器,可以即时监测人们周围的环境状况,如空气质量、紫外线强度等。据物理学家组织网不久前报道,在设计上,这种配置器可以直接检测环境中的空气污染和紫外线强度,TZOA通过蓝牙向智能手机发送并共享数据,i OS和安卓的App(应用程序)就会显示环境指标,指示空气污染和紫外线对用户     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION WITH A COMPREHENSIVE CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODEL OF NITRATE, SULFATE, AND AMMONIUM AEROSOL DISTRIBUTIONS OVER EAST ASIA

The transport and chemical production processes of nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium aerosols over East Asia were investigated by use of the Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality （CMAQ） modeling system coupled with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System （RAMS）. For the evaluation of the model＇s ability in depicting their 3-dimensional concentration distributions and temporal variations, modeled concentrations of nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium aerosols are compared with the observations obtained at a ground station in Japan in March 2001 and onboard of an aircraft DC-8 on 18 and 21 March 2001 during the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific （TRACE-P） field campaign. Comparison shows that simulated values of nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium aerosols are generally in good agreement with their observed data, and the model captures most important observed features, and reproduces temporal and spatial variations of nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium aerosol concentrations reasonably well, e.g., the timing and locations of the concentration spikes of nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium aerosols are well reproduced, but large discrepancies between observed and simulated values are also clearly seen at some points and some times due to the coarse grid resolution and uncertainties of the emissions used in this study. This comparison results indicate that CMAQ is able to simulate the distributions of nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium aerosols and their related species in the troposphere over East Asia reasonably well.     

大同市居民对室内空气质量认知程度的调查

为了解大同市居民对室内空气质量的认知情况，并分析认知程度与教育的关系，于2016年3月至5月，在大同市城区的9个社区随机对居民进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括居民对室内空气质量安全知识的了解，检测室内空气质量的意愿和治理意愿3个方面。将居民所处地域、居民的年龄与学历对室内空气质量安全认知程度的影响分别进行统计学分析。结果表明，大同市居民室内空气质量安全认知程度总体得分15.8，得分率为52.7%；新城区的居民对室内空气质量安全认知水平高于老城区居民（p<0.05）；学历越高且越年轻的居民对室内空气质量安全的认知水平越高，寻求有关机构进行室内空气检测和治理的意愿更强烈，且对检测和治理的费用承受度较高。大同市居民对室内空气质量安全认知程度总体不高，还应加强对市民的室内空气质量安全方面的教育。     

广东空气监测潜在市场高达亿元

据了解，具备PM2．5监测能力的空气质量监测站造价不菲，动辄需要数百万元人民币。目前，广东省共有97个空气质量国控监测点，其中广州和深圳的所有监测点均已具备了全部6项（依据国家新规范征求意见稿要求，新增臭氧、     

PerkinElmer携创新性环境健康解决方案亮相2014 analytica China ElmTM空气质量实时监测网络监测区域空气质量DairyGuardTM奶粉分析仪检测乳制品中未知掺杂物

2014年9月23日,中国,上海,珀金埃尔默——全球领先的环境和人类安全与健康领域的综合解决方案供应商,在上海新国际博览中心召开的第七届慕尼黑上海分析生化展(analytica China)上发布了其最新研发的创新性空气质量实时监测网络Elm     

Perkin Elmer推出ElmTM空气质量实时监测网络

<正>珀金埃尔默不久前在上海新国际博览中心召开的第七届慕尼黑上海分析生化展上发布了最新研发的创新性空气质量实时监测网络Elm(https://elm.china.perkinelmer.com)。Elm是一种创新的空气监测网络服务,用于向社区和居民提供在线的、区域化的、直观的实时空气质量信息。一个Elm网络包含多个空气监测传感器,这些设备被放置在室外有需要获取实时空气质量信息的地方,可测量多种类型空气质量指标,包括臭氧、颗粒物(扬尘等)、挥发性有机物和二氧     

臭氧卫星遥感反演进展及挑战

臭氧是大气中重要的痕量气体,可影响对流层与平流层大气状态和过程。约90%的臭氧集中在平流层,可吸收下行紫外太阳辐射,保护地球生命系统;约10%的臭氧位于对流层,其空间分布多受局地生成和跨区域输送的影响。目前,臭氧已逐渐成为我国甚至全球首要污染物,臭氧污染防治也相应地成为我国未来大气污染防治的重点。本文回顾了卫星遥感臭氧的发展进程,包括臭氧卫星探测传感器、反演算法和应用进展,并着重分析了臭氧污染相关内容,包括臭氧污染时空特征分析、典型污染事件分析、臭氧污染与气象条件相互作用等。多种卫星探测载荷的仪器设计和反演技术的不断发展,使得卫星遥感臭氧反演和监测应用成为可能。卫星可通过紫外谱段和红外谱段而获取臭氧整层信息和垂直分布信息,目前臭氧柱总量监测精度较高,但对流层下层和近地面臭氧浓度反演精度还有待提高。根据现阶段的技术水平,可采用多种技术方法相结合来提升中低层臭氧的探测能力。臭氧污染的监管和防控需要摸清来源,准确评估污染的成因,可从前体物排放、化学转化、气象影响、三维传输等方面逐步进行解析。此外,氮氧化物(NO_x)和挥发性有机物(VOC_s)的协同减...     

A qualitative study on the pulsatile flow phenomenon in a dense fly ash pneumatic conveyor

Understanding of the dynamic particulate flow structures within a dense gas-fly ash pneumatic conveyor must be improved in order to better aid its design guidance.The complex pulsatile movement of the gas-fly ash mixture dominates the flow performance within the pipeline,and historically,non-invasive measurement devices such as the electrical capacitance tomography（ECT） were often used to sufficiently capture the flow dynamics.However,inadequate studies have been conducted on the pulsatile flow phenomenon,which directly relate to the gas-fly ash two-phase flow performance.This paper aims to investigate the pulsatile flows using an ECT device.Initially,pulsatile flow patterns under various experimental conditions were obtained through ECT.Pulses within a flow were then characterised into pulse growth and decay segments,which represent the superficial fluidisation and deaeration processes during conveying.Subsequently,structural and statistical analyses were performed on the pulse growth and decay segments.Results suggested that the increasing air mass flow rate led to the decrease of the superficial fluidisation/deaeration magnitude,however,the increase of the superficial fluidisation/deaeration durations.Also,the air mass flow rate was indicated as the dominant factor in determining the pulsing statistical parameters.This research provides fundamental insights for further modelling the dense fly ash pneumatic flows.     

混合区间多尺度分解的区间时间序列组合预测

鉴于传统预测方法一直基于“点”来衡量时间序列数据,然而现实生活中在给定的时间段内许多变量是有区间限制的,点值预测会损失波动性信息。因此,本文提出了一种基于混合区间多尺度分解的组合预测方法。首先,建立区间离散小波分解方法(IDWT)、区间经验模态分解方法(IEMD)和区间奇异普分析方法(ISSA)。其次,用本文构建的IDWT、IEMD和ISSA对区间时间序列进行多尺度分解,从而得到区间趋势序列和残差序列。然后,用霍尔特指数平滑方法(Holt's)、支持向量回归(SVR)和BP神经网络对区间趋势序列和残差序列进行组合预测得到三种分解方法下的区间时间序列预测值。最后,用BP神经网络对各预测结果进行集成得到区间时间序列最终预测值。同时,为证明模型的有效性进行了AQI空气质量的实证预测分析,结果表明,本文所提出基于混合区间多尺度分解的组合预测方法具有较高的预测精度和良好的适用性。     

“空气中PM2.5问题的研究”数学建模的有关问题——2013年全国研究生数学模型竞赛D题综述

对2013年全国研究生数学建模竞赛的D题"空气中PM2.5问题的研究"的命题,评阅有关问题进行了综合评述.