Ultrasonic stimulation of the brain to enhance the release of dopamine – A potential novel treatment for Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the decrease of dopamine (DA) production and release in the substantia nigra and striatum regions of the brain. Transcranial ultrasound has been exploited recently for neuromodulation of the brain in a number of fields. We have stimulated DA release in PC12 cells using low-intensity continuous ultrasound (0.1 W/cm² − 0.3 W/cm², 1 MHz), 12 h after exposure at 0.2 W/cm², 40 s, the amount of DA content eventually increased 78.5% (p = 0.004). After 10-day ultrasonic treatment (0.3 W/cm², 5 min/d), the DA content in the striatum of PD mice model restored to 81.07% of the control (vs 43.42% in the untreated PD mice model). In addition to this the locomotion activity was restored to the normal level after treatment. We suggest that the low intensity ultrasound-induced DA release can be attributed to a combination of neuron regeneration and improved membrane permeability produced by the mechanical force of ultrasound. Our study indicates that the application of transcranial ultrasound applied below FDA limits, could provide a candidate for relatively safe and noninvasive PD therapy through an amplification of DA levels and the stimulation of dopaminergic neuron regeneration without contrast agents.     

Quantum Byzantine Agreement with Tripartite Entangled States

We present a quantum protocol for resolving the detectable Byzantine agreement (BA) problem using tripartite Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger(GHZ)-like states and homodyne measurements in the continuous variable (CV) scenario. The protocol considers the simplest (i.e., three-player) BA problem involving one broadcaster and two receivers who jointly participant in the distribution, test, and agreement phases. The GHZ-like states provide the quantum resources for implementing the primitive of BA and satisfy a priori entanglement bound. Analyses demonstrate that the proposed quantum solution adheres to the agreement, validity, and termination criteria. Conveniently, the beam splitter strategy along with photon detection offers a method for comparing quantum messages. The paper shows that a potential high-efficiency CV-based BA protocol can be achieved using standard off-the-shelf components in quantum optics, maintaining the desirable characteristics of CVs when compared with discrete-variable BA protocol.

     

Practical Security Analysis of Self-Referenced CV-QKD System in the Presence of Polarization Aberration

How to remove local oscillator (LO) side channel attacks has been a notoriously hard problem in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD). In the self-referenced CV-QKD schemes, the LO signal is locally generated at the receiver by an independent laser so that it is not co-transmitted with the quantum signal. This simple solution removes all LO side channels. However it also introduces some other practical vulnerabilities. Especially the polarization states of the quantum signal and LO signal may not be identical across the detector because of the presence of the polarization aberrations. Thus, the detection efficiency which is arguably the most critical experiment parameter of the practical implementation will be impaired. In this paper, we analyze the impact of polarization aberrations on the detection efficiency for CV-QKD and propose a self-referenced CV-QKD scheme in the presence of polarization aberrations by using an off-axis optical system. In the proposed scheme, the polarization states of the quantum signal would change with the off-axis optical system, thus impairing the heterodyne efficiency. Our security analysis shows a gap between the theory and practice of CV-QKD.

     

利用异或运算和编码约束的降维LDP人脸识别方法

为了有效表示面部特征,在局部方向模式(LDP)的基础上,提出降维局部方向模式(RDLDP)。首先,修改LDP编码模式约束以完成模式的重构,通过对LDP码进行异或运算来计算每个块的单一码;然后,将所得编码图像划分为生成直方图,连接所有区域的直方图块以形成最终描述符。最后,计算特征向量间的卡方相异性度量值,并使用最近邻分类器完成最终的人脸识别。实验采用了三个公开的标准数据库FERET、扩展YALE-B和ORL。实验结果验证了提出算法的有效性。与其他基于局部描述符的先进方法相比,提出方法在准确度和错误识别率等方面更优。     

Track initiation of bearings-only tracking based on ant navigation concept

A novel heuristic track initiation method is developed for the bearing-only multi-sensor–multi-target tracking system, in which each target is assumed to move with a straight line. The key idea of the proposed method is derived from the ant navigation concept in its foraging life, which differs from the traditional ant colony optimization algorithm, and it utilizes the concept of path integration and visual landmarks in ants’ navigation toolkit to find the exact positions of each target. Numerous numerical simulations are conducted and the effectiveness of the proposed track initiation method is verified according to the probability of correct track initiation.     

东平湖CDOM的光谱吸收特征及环境指示意义

随着南水北调东线工程的开通,东平湖作为山东段的两大调蓄湖泊之一,其水质的有效监测和污染预警显得尤为重要。根据东平湖夏季有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)吸收系数的空间分布特征和CDOM光学参数,探讨了CDOM吸收系数与溶解性有机碳(DOC)、叶绿素(Chla)等水质指标之间的关系,以期为今后建立水源水质突变的实时监控和污染事件预警系统提供依据。结果表明, 东平湖属于中-富营养型湖泊, CDOM吸收系数(a(280),a(350),a(440))均值分别为(12.90±1.17),(3.11±0.40)和(0.65±0.09) m-1, 在一定程度上反映了湖泊的营养状况。东平湖内CDOM浓度整体呈现出从东岸河口区向湖心区、西南岸递减的趋势, 体现了河流陆源输入对东平湖CDOM的重要贡献。东平湖水体的CDOM浓度(如a(440))可以用来估算反演常规水质参数, 但仍需要进一步对不同季节不同水域CDOM的物质构成进行深入分析和研究。由吸收特征值S值、E₃/E₄、M值得出, 东平湖河口区输入的陆源CDOM进入湖泊后, 随着陆源输入的比例下降CDOM腐殖化程度降低, 富里酸的相对含量升高, 且相对分子质量也逐渐减小。     

Hash函数结合相互认证的智能卡远程双向安全认证方案

摘　要 针对现有基于智能卡的远程安全认证方案的不足,提出一种基于Hash函数的智能卡远程双向安全认证方案。在注册阶段中,用户设定他的身份和密码,同时系统产生一个随机数与提交的身份、密码进行运算,获得安全参数。在登陆和相互认证阶段,根据用户输入的身份、密码和系统的安全参数,智能卡和服务器通过Hash运算实现双向认证,避免非法登陆。在密码修改阶段,在智能卡确认用户合法性后,用户可以随意改变密码通过安全性能分析表明,该方案提供了前向保密性和用户匿名性,能够抵御拒绝服务攻击、伪造攻击、重放攻击、智能卡丢失攻击、密码猜测攻击和服务器欺骗攻击。与现有方案相比,该方案在保持较低计算复杂度的同时提供了很高的安全性能。     

亚BCI-代数的$(\alpha,\beta)$-软理想

首先将软集的参数集赋予亚BCI-代数, 给出了亚BCI-代数的$(\alpha,\beta)$-软理想的概念.当$U=[0,1], \alpha=U, \beta=\phi$时,相应地就得到了亚BCI-代数的犹豫模糊理想的概念.研究了亚BCI-代数的$(\alpha,\beta)$-软理想的一些重要性质.最后讨论了亚BCI-代数的$(\alpha,\beta)$-软理想的同态像和原像的性质.     

覆冰输电导线舞动的Noether对称性和守恒量

为克服传统输电导线非线性振动响应数值模拟的非保结构缺点,研究了输电导线在覆冰和大风激励条件下双向舞动中的Noether对称性和守恒量.首先,考虑空气动力和导线几何的非线性,依据分析力学方法建立了垂向与扭振两自由度舞动模型;其次,引进群分析理论,根据不变性原则给出了系统存在Noether对称性的条件以及相应守恒量的形式;最后,构造了一种保守恒量离散数值算法.研究表明,用Noether对称性理论研究机械结构非线性动力学系统力学特性,能保系统内在结构属性,方法新颖,适用范围广,结果可靠准确.     

时滞Lagrange系统的Lie对称性与守恒量研究

研究了位形间中含单时滞参数的非保守力学系统的Lie对称性和守恒量。首先,利用含时滞的动力学Hamilton原理,建立了含时滞的非保守系统的分段Lagrange运动方程;其次,利用微分方程容许Lie群理论,得到系统的Lie对称确定方程;然后,根据对称性与守恒量之间的关系,通过构造结构方程,得到含时滞的非保守系统的Lie定理;最后,给出了两个具体的算例说明了方法的应用。结果表明:时滞参数的存在使非保守系统的Lagrange方程呈现分段特性,相应的Lie对称性确定方程的个数应是自由度数目的2倍,这对生成元函数提出了更高的限制,同时,守恒量呈现依赖速度项的分段表达。