第十四届国际近海与极地工程学术会议简介

国际近海与极地工程学术会议(International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference)是每年一度由国际近海与极地工程学会主办的旨在促进近海工程、极地工程等领域的科技进步以及国际间学术交流与合作的大型国际学术会议．自1991年起，此会议相继在爱丁堡、旧金山、新加坡、大阪、海牙、洛杉矶、檀香山、蒙特利尔、法国的布雷斯特     

用于稠油输送的新蒸汽引射器

介绍一种自行研制的蒸汽引射器，蒸汽以自由射流形式注入到输油管中，利用蒸汽释放的热量提高稠油温度以降低黏度，从而达到低输送压降的目的。该引器具有加热效率高，防止稠油堵塞管线等优点，引射器已在辽河油田输油管线上进行了现场实验，取得了很好的效果。     

低超声速圆球绕流后体流场的数值模拟

本文根据圆球跨声速自由飞行实验的流谱结构,建立了低超声速圆球分离流动的流动模型,它成功地计算了考虑粘性分离影响的圆球绕流的后体流场。在计算得到的后体流场中,反映流谱特征的分离激波、尾激波、分离界面等,其位置和形状与实验结果吻合很好,因此本文给出了一种能反映真实流动情况的圆球后体流场介。     

张力腿平台有限振幅运动的方程和数值解

论证了张力腿平台（TLP）在波浪作用下发生有限振幅运动时,所受惯性力、粘性力、浮力等载荷不仅与波浪场有关,还与瞬时响应有关,是响应的非线性函数;张力腿拉力也是各自由度位移的非线性函数．所以分析TLP受力时必须考虑平台的瞬时加速度、速度和位移,在瞬时位置建立运动方程．据此推导出TLP发生有限振幅运动时的外力计算公式,建立了TLP 6自由度有限振幅运动非线性控制方程．其中考虑了由6自由度有限位移引起的多种非线性因素,如各自由度之间的耦合、瞬时湿表面、瞬时位置等;还包括自由表面效应、粘性力等因素引起的非线性．用数值方法求解所得到的非线性运动方程．对典型平台ISSC TLP进行了数值分析,求得该平台在规则波作用下的6自由度运动响应．用退化到线性范围的解与已有解进行了对比,吻合良好．数值结果表明,综合考虑非线性因素后响应有明显改变．     

An Experimental Study of In-Situ Phase Fraction in Jet Pump Using Electrical Resistance Tomography Technique

We perform the experiments to investigate in-situ phase fraction in a jet pump using the electrical resistance tomography （ERT） technique. A new jet pump with ERT sensors is designed to measure in-situ phase fraction and flow regime. The study is based on laboratory experiments that are carried out on a 50-mm vertical flow rig for various gas and liquid phase superficial velocities. The different flow patterns of gas liquid in the jet pump and vertical pipe are studied using the ERT technique. The results suggest that the ERT system can be used to successfully produce images of gas-liquid flow patterns with frames rates of 58 fps and the in-situ phase fraction with frame rates of 5 fps can be obtained. The visualizations of a rapid mixing process in the throat of a jet pump obtained in this work provide a reliable basis for theoretical study and optimal design of jet pumps.     

带有新型涡激振动抑制罩的圆柱体的水动力特性

通过模型实验和数值模拟计算,研究了带有涡激振动抑制罩的圆截面柱体的水动力特性.模型实验主要测试了柱体上附加谐波型和类圆锥型涡激振动抑制罩的单摆结构在不同流速下发生涡激振动的性质;数值模拟则针对谐波型和圆锥型扰动,在雷诺数Re为102到105范围内,研究其水动力参数,如阻力、升力和涡脱落频率等,随扰动波长和波动强度的变化.模型实验结果表明,在直圆柱开始发生共振的流速下,带抑制罩的柱体的振幅显著降低,而在更高流速下则显著增大.数值模拟结果表明,谐波型和圆锥型扰动具有相似的水动力特性;且在不同Re时,阻力、升力和涡脱落频率具有相似的变化规律;随波动强度的增大,阻力一般逐渐增大,升力则在多数情况下先减小而后增大,而涡脱落频率一般逐渐减小.      

Governing equations and numerical solutions of tension leg platform with finite amplitude motion

It is demonstrated that when tension leg platform （TLP） moves with finite amplitude in waves, the inertia force, the drag force and the buoyancy acting on the platform are nonlinear functions of the response of TLP, The tensions of the tethers are also nonlinear functions of the displacement of TLP. Then the displacement, the velocity and the acceleration of TLP should be taken into account when loads are calculated. In addition, equations of motions should be set up on the instantaneous position. A theo- retical model for analyzing the nonlinear behavior of a TLP with finite displacement is developed, in which multifold nonlinearities are taken into account, i.e., finite displace- ment, coupling of the six degrees of freedom, instantaneous position, instantaneous wet surface, free surface effects and viscous drag force, Based on the theoretical model, the comprehensive nonlinear differential equations are deduced. Then the nonlinear dynamic analysis of ISSC TLP in regular waves is performed in the time domain. The degenerative linear solution of the proposed nonlinear model is verified with existing published one. Furthermore, numerical results are presented, which illustrate that nonlinearities exert a significant influence on the dynamic responses of the TLP.     

弹道靶线圈法测速的研究

本文介绍了一种新的用于弹道靶实验的测速方法.该方法用线圈作为测速的探测装置,结合自行设计的计时装置——单次双路测速仪,组成一套测速设备.实验表明,该设备装置简单,造价低,抗干扰能力强,对模型无破坏作用,测量精度高.本方法在目前国内弹道靶实验中尚属首次使用.     

Mechanism Responsible for the Complete Suppression of Kármán Vortex in Flows Past a Wavy Square-Section Cylinder

The Kármán vortex shedding is totally suppressed in flows past a wavy square-section cylinder at a Reynolds number of 100 and the wave steepness of 0.025. Such a phenomenon is illuminated by the numerical simulations. In the present study, the mechanism responsible for it is mainly attributed to the vertical vorticity. The geometric disturbance on the rear surface leads to the appearance of spanwise flow near the base. The specific vertical vorticity is generated on the rear surface and convecting into the near wake. The wake flow is recirculated with the appearance of the pair of recirculating cells. The interaction between the upper and lower shear layers is weakened by such cells, so that the vortex rolls could not be formed and the near wake flow becomes stable.     

二级轻气炮发射性能的数值模拟

通过数值方法模拟了二级轻气炮的发射性能,计算考虑真实气体影响,摩擦和传热损失,用一维非定常流动的特征线理论对储气室、压缩管和发射管中的气流以及活塞和模型的运动规律进行了详细地数值模拟,得到的结果与欧共体联合聚变中心(Joint European Torus)的二级轻气炮的实验数据相比,吻合很好.