锂离子电池LiTi_(0.25)Fe_(0.75)SO_4F正极材料的电子结构

采用密度泛函理论平面波赝势的方法,计算了LiFeSO_4F和LiTi_(0.25)Fe_(0.75)SO_4F正极材料的电子结构。计算结果表明:当锂嵌入材料后,S、O和F的原子布居变化较小,电子主要填充在过渡金属的3d轨道,导致过渡金属被还原,成为电化学反应的活性中心。在嵌锂态中,锂和氧(氟)之间形成了离子键,而过渡金属(Ti和Fe)与氧(氟)之间则形成了共价键,S-O键的共价性最强。态密度的计算结果则表明:Ti和Fe均保持高自旋排列结构;LiFeSO_4F的两个自旋通道的带隙分别为2.88和2.29 e V,其导电性很差;Ti掺杂使体系的带隙消失,显著地提高了正极材料的导电性;LiTi_(0.25)Fe_(0.75)SO_4F系统中Ti-O和Ti-F键均比纯相中的Fe-O和Fe-F键的共价性更强,因此Ti掺杂材料具有更好的结构稳定性。     

Fluorosulfation of fluoroalkyl halides

The basic characteristics of fluorosulfation of fluoroalkylhalides (effect of the structure of the polyfluoroalkyl, nature of the halogen, acid catalysis, etc.) with halogen fluorosulfates and peroxydisulfuryl difluoride were investigated. A mechanism was proposed for formation of fluorosulfonic acid fluoroalkyl esters based on the experimental and quantum chemical data.A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelemental Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117813 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1718–1732, August, 1992.     

Thermodynamic Properties of Polymorphs of Fluorosulfate Based Cathode Materials with Exchangeable Potassium Ions

FeSO₄F‐based frameworks have recently emerged as attractive candidates for alkali insertion electrodes. Mainly owing to their rich crystal chemistry, they offer a variety of new host structures with different electrochemical performances and physical properties. In this paper we report the thermodynamic stability of two such K‐based “FeSO₄F” host structures based on direct solution calorimetric measurements. KFeSO₄F has been reported to crystallize in two different polymorphic modifications—monoclinic and orthorhombic. The obtained enthalpies of formation from binary components (KF plus FeSO₄) are negative for both polymorphs, indicating that they are thermodynamically stable at room temperature, which is very promising for the future exploration of sulfate based cathode materials. Our measurements show that the low‐temperature monoclinic polymorph is enthalpically more stable than the orthorhombic phase by ≈10 kJ mol^?1, which is consistent with the preferential formation of monoclinic KFeSO₄F at low temperature. Furthermore, observed phase transformations and difficulties in the synthesis process can be explained based on the obtained calorimetric results. The KMnSO₄F orthorhombic phase is more stable than both polymorphs of KFeSO₄F.     

锂离子电池LiTi0.25Fe0.75SO4F正极材料的电子结构

采用密度泛函理论平面波赝势的方法,计算了LiFeSO₄F和LiTi_0.25Fe_0.75SO₄F正极材料的电子结构。计算结果表明：当锂嵌入材料后,S、O和F的原子布居变化较小,电子主要填充在过渡金属的3d轨道,导致过渡金属被还原,成为电化学反应的活性中心。在嵌锂态中,锂和氧（氟）之间形成了离子键,而过渡金属（Ti和Fe）与氧（氟）之间则形成了共价键,S-O键的共价性最强。态密度的计算结果则表明：Ti和Fe均保持高自旋排列结构;LiFeSO₄F的两个自旋通道的带隙分别为2.88和2.29 eV,其导电性很差;Ti掺杂使体系的带隙消失,显著地提高了正极材料的导电性;LiTi_0.25Fe_0.75SO₄F系统中Ti-O和Ti-F键均比纯相中的Fe-O和Fe-F键的共价性更强,因此Ti掺杂材料具有更好的结构稳定性。     

The interpretion of electrical conductivity measurements of three monoprotonic acids in fluorosulfuric acid

The three metal fluorosulfates Au(SO₃F)₅ and Ta(SO₃F)₅ are soluble in fluorosulfuric acid and behave as monoprotonic acids, as is evident from electrical conductivity measurements and conductometric titrations against the base KSO₃F. Both the specific conductometric measurements in the concentration range of 0–0.050 mol-kg^–1 and the conductometric titration curves are compared to calculated curves. Best fits are achieved by assuming an average degree of association for the Lewis acids of 5 for the Nb-, 3 for the Ta- and 2 for the Au-fluorosulfato species in HSO₃F. Dissociation constants are calculated for various association models and a general order of acidity of Au(SO₃F)₃>Ta(SO₃F)₅>Nb(SO₃F)₅ is suggested, with association in solution occurring in the reverse order.     

氟磺酸氯分子振动光谱的从头算研究

采用从头算HF方法以6-31G^*基组研究了对ClOSO₂F分子的几何结构、振动谐性力场和红外光谱.理论力场由Pulay的标度量子力学方法进行标度,算得的振动频率与实验值比较,平均偏差为6.0cm^-1.根据振动频率的势能分布和从头算红外光谱强度值对此分子的振动基频进行了理论归属.     

One-Pot Substitution of Aliphatic Alcohols Mediated by Sulfuryl Fluoride

The Mitsunobu reaction is a powerful transformation for the one-pot activation and substitution of aliphatic alcohols. Significant efforts have focused on modifying the classic conditions to overcome problems associated with purification from phosphine-based byproducts. Herein, we report a phosphine free method for alcohol activation and substitution that is mediated by sulfuryl fluoride. This new method is effective for a wide range of primary alcohols using phthalimide, di-tert-butyl-iminodicarboxylate, and aromatic thiol nucleophiles in 74 % average yield. Activated carbon nucleophiles and a deactivated phenol were also effective for this reaction in good yields. Secondary alcohols were also successful substrates using aryl thiols, affording the corresponding sulfides in 56 % average yield with enantiomeric ratios up to 99:1. This new protocol has a distinct synthetic advantage over many existing phosphine-based methods as the byproducts are readily separable. This feature was exploited in several examples that did not require chromatography for purification. Furthermore, the mild reaction conditions enabled further in situ derivatization for the one-pot conversion of alcohols to amines or sulfones. This method also provides a boarder nucleophile scope compared to existing phosphine-free methods.     

氟磺酸氟振动光谱的从头算

采用从头算HF／SCF方法以6-31G基组研究了FOSO2F分子的几何结构、振动谐性力场和红外光谱强度．理论力场由Pulay的标度量子力学方法进行标度,计算得到的振动频率与实验值比较平均偏差为6．3cm-1．根据振动频率的势能分布和从头算红外光谱强度值对此分子的振动基频进行了理论归属．     

Sulfur(VI) Fluoride Exchange (SuFEx): Another Good Reaction for Click Chemistry

Aryl sulfonyl chlorides (e.g. Ts‐Cl) are beloved of organic chemists as the most commonly used S^VI electrophiles, and the parent sulfuryl chloride, O₂S^VICl₂, has also been relied on to create sulfates and sulfamides. However, the desired halide substitution event is often defeated by destruction of the sulfur electrophile because the S^VI? Cl bond is exceedingly sensitive to reductive collapse yielding S^IV species and Cl^?. Fortunately, the use of sulfur(VI) fluorides (e.g., R‐SO₂‐F and SO₂F₂) leaves only the substitution pathway open. As with most of click chemistry, many essential features of sulfur(VI) fluoride reactivity were discovered long ago in Germany. ^6a Surprisingly, this extraordinary work faded from view rather abruptly in the mid‐20th century. Here we seek to revive it, along with John Hyatt’s unnoticed 1979 full paper exposition on CH₂?CH‐SO₂‐F, the most perfect Michael acceptor ever found. ⁹⁸ To this history we add several new observations, including that the otherwise very stable gas SO₂F₂ has excellent reactivity under the right circumstances. We also show that proton or silicon centers can activate the exchange of S? F bonds for S? O bonds to make functional products, and that the sulfate connector is surprisingly stable toward hydrolysis. Applications of this controllable ligation chemistry to small molecules, polymers, and biomolecules are discussed.