乙烯的实验室制备及性质检验的实验改进

在采用乙稀利为原料制备纯净乙烯的研究基础上,从药品配置、实验操作和装置优化等方面对乙烯的实验室制备及性质检验进行了科学改进,希望对高中化学教学有一定的启示作用。     

Influence of foliar spray of ethephon and water stress on the essential oil composition and impact on the cytotoxic activity of Thymus vulgaris aerial parts

Thymus vulgaris, (Lamiaceae), essential oils composition and yield, were found to be greatly influenced by water stress and growth enhancers. Therefore, three controlled cultivation conditions were applied to achieve the highest essential oil productivity of T. vulgaris. The essential oils obtained by hydro-distillation of the aerial parts were analyzed using (GC-MS). The tested plant subjected to drought showed a 66% increase in the essential oil yield, while those subjected to drought stress and foliar spray showed 57.1% increase and the regularly irrigated group with foliar spraying showed 23.8% increase relative to the control group. The cytotoxic activity of T. vulgaris essential oils was evaluated against lung (A-549), colon (HCT-116), intestinal (CACO₂) and breast (MCF-7) carcinoma using the cell viability assay. The lowest IC₅₀ values 0.44 and 0.33 μg/mL were seen against (HCT-116) and (CACO₂) cells respectively. These IC₅₀ values were lower than that of doxorubicin used as reference drug.     

顶空气相色谱法快速测定浓缩菠萝汁中乙烯利的残留量

 利用乙烯利在碱性水溶液中受热能够快速分解成乙烯的特性 ,在样品中加适量的浓碱液 ,并在 70℃的条件下恒温加热。在选定的气相色谱条件下用顶空进样器抽取样品瓶中的上层气体 1mL进行气相色谱分析 ,以外标法定量。该方法的检测限达到 0 0 2 5mg/kg ,回收率为 92 %～ 98% ,相对标准偏差为 3 99%～ 7 94%。     

实验室快速制备乙烯并检验其性质

利用乙烯利快速制备乙烯并检验其性质,并设计乙烯催熟果实的实验。改进后简化了乙烯的制备方法,实验现象明显,提高了实验的趣味性。微型实验的设计可以让学生进行实验探究。     

直接进样超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法快速测定环境水样中草甘膦、氨甲基膦酸、草铵膦及乙烯利残留

建立了一种简便、直接进样的超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）快速测定环境水样中草甘膦、氨甲基膦酸、草铵膦及乙烯利的残留。环境水样经0.22 μm滤膜过滤或冷冻离心去除杂质后,滤液无需衍生化直接进行定量分析。4种农药通过Metrosep A Supp 5柱（150 mm×4.0 mm,5 μm）分离,以碳酸氢铵-氨水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在负离子模式下以MRM方式进行检测。结果表明,4种农药在0.50~50.0 μg/L范围内相关系数（r）均大于0.999,线性关系良好,方法检出限为0.05~0.09 μg/L。实际水样在低、中、高3种加标浓度水平下,回收率分别为76.3%~108%、83.0%~107%和87.0%~105%,相对标准偏差分别为2.0%~12.3%、2.4%~5.6%和2.7%~6.8%。使用该方法对海南省34个水样进行测定,其中30个饮用水源地水样中均未检出4种农药,槟榔园附近3个水样均检出草甘膦和氨甲基膦酸,香蕉园附近的1个水样检出草铵膦和氨甲基膦酸。与传统的衍生化方法比较,该方法操作简便,重现性好,准确性高,不受基体干扰,适用于环境水样中草甘膦、氨甲基膦酸、草铵膦及乙烯利的残留检测。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定葡萄中乙烯利的残留量

称取葡萄样品于预先加入氯化钠的顶空瓶中,再加入饱和氢氧化钾溶液,采用顶空-气相色谱法测定上述混合液中乙烯利的残留量。顶空温度为75℃,顶空时间为90min,采用HP-5色谱柱(30m×0.32mm,0.25μm)分离,氢火焰离子化检测器测定。乙烯利的质量浓度在0.500~50.0mg·L^-1内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.010 0mg·kg^-1。方法用于葡萄样品的分析,加标回收率为99.9%~104%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.9%~3.5%。     

Analytical study on ethephon residue determination in water by ion-pairing liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

A detailed analytical study on ethephon residue determination in water, making use of ion-pairing liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), has been carried out. Ethephon is a plant growth regulator, highly polar, which is typically present in aqueous solution in anionic form due to its acid character. Both its extraction and pre-concentration from water samples and its chromatographic retention are difficult. Several approaches for sample pretreatment have been tested including direct injection into the chromatographic system, on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) and off-line SPE, with the best results being obtained after off-line SPE, using Oasis MAX cartridges (mixed-mode strong anion-exchange). After testing several ion-pairing reagents, tetrabuthylammonium acetate (TBA) was selected. This was added to the samples before LC/MS/MS analysis to facilitate ethephon chromatographic retention. The acquisition of several specific MS/MS transitions together with the evaluation of their relative intensity ratios allowed the reliable confirmation of the analyte in samples. The optimised approach was tested in low-salinity water spiked at 0.1?µg?L^?1 level with satisfactory recovery, and a limit of detection of 0.02?µg?L^?1. To this purpose, the water sample was partially de-ionised in an initial stage, in order to remove major ions that would have interfered in analyses. The application of this methodology to more saline/complex water samples, as surface or wastewater, was problematic and a thorough optimisation of the de-ionisation conditions would be required.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定棉花中乙烯利、噻苯隆和敌草隆药物的残留量

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定棉花中乙烯利、噻苯隆和敌草隆等植物生长调节剂残留的方法。用甲醇-水振摇提取棉花中的这3种农药,液相色谱-串联质谱测定,负离子扫描方式,多反应监测(MRM),每种农药各两对离子进行定性、定量分析。乙烯利和敌草隆在0~10 μg/L、噻苯隆在0~1 μg/L范围内相关系数(r)均大于0.999。乙烯利和敌草隆的定量限(LOQ)均为40 μg/kg,噻苯隆为4 μg/kg。分别以各个药物的LOQ、2LOQ和4LOQ浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率范围为89.4%~100.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.7%~11.5%。该方法简便、快速、准确,各项技术指标满足国内外法规的要求,可用于棉花样品中乙烯利、噻苯隆和敌草隆的定性、定量检测。     

离子色谱法同时测定饮用水中强极性农药草甘膦、草铵膦、乙烯利和调节膦

建立了一种梯度洗脱-电导抑制-离子色谱同时测定4种强极性农药的方法。通过对淋洗液及浓度、色谱柱、柱温、进样量等条件的优化,得到最佳检测条件:色谱柱为IonPac AS11-HC分析柱及IonPac AG11-HC保护柱,柱温33℃,进样量50μL,RFIC系统的淋洗液自动发生器在线产生的KOH作为淋洗液,梯度洗脱,淋洗液流速:1.00 mL/min。结果表明:调节膦、乙烯利、草铵膦、草甘膦在0.1~2.0μg/mL质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(R²)均大于0.999;4种化合物的平均回收率为93.0%~101.9%,RSDs在1.5%~3.4%;其检出限分别为2.0,8.0,5.0,40μg/L;与水中的Cl^-,NO₂^-,SO₄^2-,NO₃^-离子有较好的分离。本方法适用于饮用水中强极性农药草甘膦、草铵膦、乙烯利和调节磷的测定。