Leaching of zinc and germanium from zinc oxide dust in sulfuric acid-ozone media

A new process of leaching zinc oxide dust by ozone oxidation in a sulfuric acid system was studied. The main factors affecting the leaching rate, such as ozone time, leaching temperature, initial acidity, leaching time, and liquid/solid mass ratio, were comprehensively investigated. The results show that leaching efficiency depends on all the above factors. The optimum conditions for leaching Zn and Ge from zinc oxide dust are as follows: ozone time 10 min, leaching temperature 90 ℃, initial acidity 160 g/L, leaching time 60 min, and liquid/solid mass ratio 7:1. Under the optimum conditions, the leaching rates of Zn and Ge are 95.79% and 93.65%, respectively. The leaching rates of zinc and germanium in the ozone leaching are 4.05% and 10.49% higher than those of the atmospheric leaching, respectively. Therefore, it is determined that ozone in solution plays a key role in rapidly oxidizing sulfide and releasing encapsulated germanium. Sulfuric acid-ozone media can efficiently extract Zn and Ge from zinc oxide dust.     

球形封闭容器内一个简单的煤粉燃烧爆炸模型

在分析了大量球形封闭容器内煤粉燃烧爆炸实验数据基础上，考虑了煤粉燃烧爆炸机理所涉及的湍流燃烧、相变、各种化学反应动力学过程等复杂因素，并且对球形封闭容器内由于煤粉混合不均匀造成的燃烧不充分给予了考虑，得到了球形封闭容器内煤粉燃烧爆炸特征的数值计算结果，计算的压力－时间曲线与实验结果符合较好。     

沉积粉尘的激波点火

采用瞬态阴影技术及红外光电传感器技术实验研究了沉积玉米粉的激波点火过程，并对此进行了理论分析。实验与理论分析结果表明，激波掠射沉积粉尘床后，粉尘颗粒先上扬到一定高度后才点火，颗粒的点火延迟时间与激波波前马赫数、气相氧气含量等因素有关。另外，沉积粉尘的激波点火延迟时间比相同条件下的悬浮粉尘激波点火延迟时间长。     

大型砂尘风洞中砂尘浓度测量与控制方法的研究

砂尘浓度指标严重影响砂尘风洞试验效果;在大型砂尘风洞中准确的测量及有效的控制砂尘浓度是砂尘风洞设备研制中的两个关键问题;针对动态试验工况环境中浓度传感器标定的问题,分析了浓度测量时标定参数与风速和浓度的关系,使用模型树算法建立了三者之间的关系模型,以此模型来预测各种动态情况下的标定参数;针对复杂环境下浓度动态控制问题,采用专家PID算法,提出了多回路控制系统结构和专家规则;工程实践表明该测量和控制方法满足了动态试验环境的需求,取得了良好效果;模型树算法和专家PID系统能有效的解决动态工况下砂尘浓度的测量与控制问题。     

玉米粉－氧气混合物中爆轰波的数值模拟

建立了描述可燃粉全－氧气混合物爆轰波的一维两相反应流模型，用ＭａｃＣｏｒｍａｃｋ有限差分格式求解了控制方程，成功地模拟了玉米粉－氧气混合物在氢－氧爆轰驱动下爆轰波的传播过程，其数值结果在接近稳态爆轰区时与实验规律有良好的一致性。     

Experimental research on flame spectra of methane-coal dust explosions

The significance of experimental research on flame spectra of methane-coal dust explosions is explained. Weak explosions of methane-coal dust-air mixtures were carried out in a large-scale tube of Ø 200 cm×2900cm with one end open, and the absolute radiation intensities as well as their variation under different conditions for characteristic wavelengths of 0.8875, 1.000, 1.505, 2.801, and 4.346μm were obtained by using small angle of view and a multichannel detector developed by us. The experimental results are discussed and compared with those published abroad. Based on the absolute radiation intensity measured at wavelength 4.346μm and the selected blackbody radiation model, the temperature of explosion flame was determined. The results obtained are not only of great practical importance to the industry but may also be used in the study of flame and chemical kinetics.     

Coconut coir dust extract: a novel eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for Al in HCl solutions

Abstract

Corrosion inhibition of aluminium in 1 M HCl by coconut coir dust extract (CCDE) was studied using weight loss and hydrogen evolution techniques at 30 and 60°C. It was found that the studied extract exhibits a very good performance as inhibitor for aluminium corrosion in 1 M HCl. Results show that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing temperature and concentration of the extract. Inhibitive effect was afforded by adsorption of the extracts' components which was found to accord with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Inhibition mechanism is deduced from the temperature dependence of the inhibition efficiency and was further corroborated by the values of activation parameters obtained from the experimental data.     

Dust modelling using a combined CFD and discrete element formulation

The production and dispersal of airborne dust is an important issue in both environmental and industrial contexts. Dust pollution is a major environmental concern, and long exposure in occupational settings has been linked with numerous respiratory health issues. Industrial dust pollution can also present a significant explosion hazard, even in facilities with dust extraction systems. Computational models for dust generation and dispersal have, however, generally been formulated for specific geophysical applications and restricted to static, two‐dimensional, approaches. Here, we present a method for simulating dust production from a dynamic granular bed by using a three‐dimensional coupled discrete element method and Navier–Stokes computational model. Dust production is based on an energy formulation in which micro‐scale dust particles are assumed to overcome cohesion to macro‐scale grains. This model is used over the entire range of energies present within the system, from macro‐scale collisions to aerodynamic entrainment and bombardment of micro‐scale particles. The dust concentration is modelled as a scalar density field, which is advected and diffused through turbulence in the gas flow field. The model is tested against empirical predictions for two test cases, a slug of granular material dropped from a set height and air flow over a granular stockpile. Both give good agreement to the empirical relations, showing that the model can accurately predict the production and subsequent dispersal of dust from a dynamic granular bed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Deflagration-to-detonation transition process for spherical aluminum dust/epoxypropane mist/air mixtures in a large-scale experimental tube

The deflagration-to-detonation transitions (DDTs) for clouds of spherical aluminum dust (SAD) mixed with air or epoxypropane mist (EPM) and air were investigated in a 29.6-m-long experimental tube of 199 mm in diameter. The clouds formed through the injection of SAD and SAD/liquid epoxypropane samples into the experimental tube. Explosions of the SAD/air mixture were initiated using a 7-m-long EPM/air cloud explosion ignited by a 40-J electric spark. Explosions in SAD/EPM/air clouds were initiated using a 1...     

开放光程扬尘颗粒物浓度测量方法及系统

利用单波长激光通过扬尘空间发生散射消光衰减的特性,设计了开放光程的颗粒物浓度检测方法及系统。该方法利用双峰正态分布模型模拟颗粒物粒径分布,实时计算一定空间范围内的扬尘颗粒物浓度,具有响应速度快、测量动态范围宽的优点,适合浓度高、变化快、空间范围大的扬尘颗粒物浓度测量。通过水溶胶模拟实验与烟尘实验验证了该方法的可行性。实验数据表明,系统量程可达0~400mg/m3,分辨率为0.05mg/m3,响应时间小于1s。