表面修饰多壁碳纳米管负载二氧化钛的制备及催化碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换反应的性能

制备了表面修饰多壁碳纳米管负载TiO₂的催化剂,并将其应用于碳酸二甲酯与苯酚的酯交换反应. 采用X射线电子能谱、透射电子显微镜、低温N₂吸附-脱附和X射线衍射等对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,以低浓度的氨水（0.4%）代替去离子水作为沉淀剂时,制备的催化剂显示出更好的催化活性、分离性与重复使用性. 考察了TiO₂负载量、催化剂用量及反应时间对反应性能的影响. 在最佳反应条件下,苯酚转化率为42.5%,碳酸甲苯酯与碳酸二苯酯的总选择性达到99.9%以上. 经过4次重复使用后,催化剂的活性略有下降.     

Batch crystallization of soluble proteins: effect of precipitant, temperature and additive

Although techniques used for protein crystallization have been progressing greatly, successful crystallization is still largely empirical and operatordependent. The crystallization of biological macromolecules is a pretty complicated process involving numerous parameters, thus the detailed understanding of the effect of crystallization conditions on macromolecule crystallization is advantageous. In this study, we have investigated the effect of precipitant, temperature, and additive on the crystallization of lysozyme and chymotrypsinogen A. As the precipitant, sodium chloride is more effective to the crystallization of lysozyme, and ammonium sulfate is more suitable to the crystallization of chymotrypsinogen A. Temperature is found to have no effect on the crystal habit of chymotrypsinogen A, while lysozyme crystallization displays highly sensitive temperature dependence, gradually varied temperature can result in better crystal habit and quality of lysozyme crystals. Furthermore, non-electrolytic additives dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol are found to not only to increase the protein's solubility, but also decrease the critical supersaturation S_c for explosive nucleation of highly supersaturated protein solution. It is suggested that these additives can affect the interactions between protein molecules, thermodynamic equilibrium, surface energy of the crystal, and nucleation process of protein crystallization.     

复杂沉淀体系中沉淀剂合理用量的计算

在沉淀体系中,当有掩蔽剂存在时沉淀剂的合理用量及被沉淀离子在溶液中最小残留量的计算是个复杂问题。本文从理论上建立了解决这一问题的通用函数方程,并藉助于电子计算机进行实例处理,结果令人满意。     

沉淀剂对AU/ZnO催化剂CO氧化性能及催化剂结构的影响

在25 C和进料中含水条件下,考察了由Na2CO3,(NH4)2CO3,NaOH和NH4OH等4种沉淀剂制备的Au/ZnO催化剂上CO氧化活性和稳定性.结果表明,沉淀剂影响Au/ZnO催化剂的前体组成、金粒子和ZnO粒子大小、比表面积及CO氧化性能.由NH4OH制备的Au/ZnO催化剂活性和稳定性较差,CO转化率只有15%;由其它3种沉淀剂制备的Au/ZnO催化剂的CO氧化活性和稳定性明显改善,可至少连续反应1 100 h,且保持CO完全氧化,其中Na2CO3是最佳沉淀剂.在反应过程中反应气氛可引起金粒子的聚集及在催化剂表面生成新的碱式碳酸锌物相.催化剂的稳定性与金粒子长大速度和碳酸根累积量有关.     

Effects of precipitant on microstructure and luminescent properties of Lu2O3:Eu3+ nanopowders and ceramics

Nanocrystalline Lu(2)O(3):Eu(3+) was prepared by co-precipitation method using ammonium hydrogen carbonate and ammonium oxalic acid as precipitants, respectively. The crystal structure and morphology were analyzed by means of XRD and TEM. The resultant powders were sintered into transparent ceramics in vacuum and then in nitrogen without any additive. The surface morphology of the unpolished sintered specimens was characterized using SEM. The effect of different precipitants on microstructure of the nanopowders and transparency of the ceramics are compared. The excitation and emission spectra of Lu(2)O(3):Eu(3+) powders and ceramics were measured at room temperature by using synchrotron radiation as the light source. The fluorescence decay times of all specimens were analyzed. Luminescence of the ceramics decays faster than the corresponding nanopowders.     

不同沉淀剂对Co3O4催化剂催化分解N2O活性的影响

采用了不同沉淀剂（K2 CO3、Na2 CO3、NaOH、NaHCO3）制备了一系列 Co3 O4氧化物催化剂。通过 XRD、XPS、BET、H2-TPR、O2-TPD 表征手段,探究了催化剂物相结构和氧化还原性能对 N2 O 催化分解性能的影响。研究表明,以 K2 CO3为沉淀剂制备的 Co3 O4催化剂具有优越的氧化还原性能。此外,较低结晶度有助于提高催化剂的催化性能,催化剂表面物种与其沉淀剂相关：丰富的表面 Co 物种促进催化活性,较多氧空位有利于催化剂表面的电子传递和氧气的脱附。以 K2 CO3为沉淀剂制备的 Co3 O4催化剂表现出最佳的 N2 O 催化分解活性,在450℃达到90％以上的转化率。