N,N'',N"-三(2,6-二异丙基苯胺基)-2,5-二亚胺吡咯的合成及其结构

在多聚磷酸三甲基硅酯(PPSE)的存在下,2,6-二异丙基苯胺和丁二酸缩合可以高产率地得到N,N',N'-三(2,6-二异丙基苯胺基)-2,5-二亚胺吡咯(1).化合物1经过了元素分析、红外光谱、氢谱、高分辨质谱和单晶结构衍射的表征.     

隐性字迹的快速光谱显现与高光谱分类技术研究

擦除、密写、掩盖等隐性字迹的快速、无损显现与检验是法庭科学文件检验领域的研究难点。当前多采用切换多波段光源与滤光片的方法对隐性字迹进行显现,但对隐性字迹显现的光谱学机理分析较少,因此隐性字迹的显现效率与检验成功率均不高。为提高擦除、密写、掩盖三类隐性字迹的显现效率与检验精度,通过测量字迹的激发与荧光光谱、反射与透过光谱、微观形貌,对其显现机理与快速显现方法进行深入研究。并且基于液晶可调谐滤光器（LCTF）的高光谱成像技术与支持向量机（SVM）分类算法,提出一种对隐性字迹同时显现与分类的快速检验方法。晨光与百乐可擦笔字、荧光密写笔、柠檬汁均可在365 nm长波紫外光激发下发出较强荧光,其中可擦笔和柠檬汁的荧光波长为716 nm左右,荧光密写笔荧光波长为447 nm。此外,采用254或365 nm波长对柠檬汁隐性字迹进行紫外反射成像也可有效显现柠檬汁字迹。掩盖字迹的研究中发现,在700～2 500 nm红外波段,走珠笔、记号笔、可擦笔字迹透过率在60%以上,而中性笔字迹透过率在20%以下。因此,采用近红外波段850 nm成像有效显现了百乐走珠笔所覆盖的晨光中性笔字迹。同时,采用LCTF高光谱相机对三类隐性字迹在400～720 nm范围进行步长为5 nm的高光谱成像,并通过SVM分类算法对图像中不同笔迹成分进行同时显现和分类,分类总精度达99.284 4%,Kappa系数达0.959 1。以365 nm波长光源作为激发光进行光致发光成像可有效显现擦除与密写字迹。由于不同墨迹在近红外波段反射率差异较大,近红外成像可以有效显现掩盖字迹。基于LCTF高光谱成像的SVM分类技术可实现不同类别隐性字迹的同时显现与分类,并且有较高的显现效率与分类精度。     

In-situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering and FT-Raman spectroscopy of black prints

The black inkjet and laser prints were analysed with regard to application in forensic analysis of questioned documents. The purpose of this work was to study spectral properties and compare the suitability of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with Fourier transform Raman spectra of prints. This work aimed to find optimal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic approach for the future analysis of documents using statistical methods. In this work, we analysed eight prints of four laser and four inkjet devices. The samples were measured using two dispersive Raman devices; (DXR Raman microscope with excitation line 532 nm, Foram 685-2 spectrometer − 685 nm) and FT-Raman device (Bruker Spectrometer MultiRAM with excitation line 1064 nm). The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) colloid for SERS experiment were synthesised and checked by UV–vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The remarkable differences caused by centrifugation of silver colloid were observed just in the SEM images. The main contribution of this paper is to propose the novel approach achieving sufficient SERS signal intensity of black prints using the both, laser and inkjet printers. Moreover, this method is based on just a single metal colloid, and the analysis can be performed in-situ, i.e. directly on the printed sample surface. We consider the SERS could by highly promising and universal for applications in the forensic analysis of printed documents with the combination of statistical method when conventional methods are not effective.     

应用PIXE技术对书写字迹的分析

在国内首次应用质子激发X射线荧光法对常见的书写字迹进行刑事检验分析,确认PIXE技术可以作为文件检验当中字迹同一认定的有效方法。同时,质子激发X射线荧光法也是一种有效的无损检验的方法。提出了不同于现在的解决途径的质子激发X射线荧光技术解决法庭科学当中的两大疑难问题——书写时间的鉴定、毒品源头的认定。     

Trajectories of efficiency measurement: A bibliometric analysis of DEA and SFA

This study surveys the increasing research field of performance measurement by making use of a bibliometric literature analysis. We concentrate on two approaches, namely Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) as the most important methods to evaluate the efficiency of individual and organizational performance. It is the first literature survey that analyses DEA and SFA publications jointly, covering contributions published in journals, indexed by the Web of Science database from 1978 to 2012. Our aim is to identify seminal papers, playing a major role in DEA and SFA development and to determine areas of adoption. We recognized a constant growth of publications during the years identifying DEA as a standard technique in Operations Research, whereas SFA is mainly adopted in Economic research fields. Making use of document co-citation analysis we identify Airports and Supplier Selection (DEA) as well as Banking and Agriculture (SFA) as most influential application areas. Furthermore, Sensitivity and Fuzzy Set Theory (DEA) as well as Bayesian Analysis and Heterogeneity (SFA) are found to be most influential research areas and seem to be methodological trends. By developing an adoption rate of knowledge we identify that research, in terms of citations, is more focusing on relatively old and recent research at the expenses of middle-aged contributions, which is a typical phenomenon of a fast developing discipline.     

Fuzzy Transitive Relations

A modified definition of fuzzy transitivity is given.Several properties of this new definition are obtained.Effect of these new properties of transitivity on equivalence relations is also studied.     

Simplification of Ink Dating for Forensic Analysis by Thermal Microdesorption Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

A simplified procedure for obtaining measurements useful for ink dating is presented for forensic analysis. A thermal microdesorption device was employed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The release of phenoxyethanol from the ink entries on paper was studied at several temperatures during a single analysis. A separate thermal desorption unit was not required. Two methods measuring the amount of phenoxyethanol liberated at four temperatures and two temperatures were proposed. The effect of heating of ink samples to 70?°C for 30?minutes applied to fresh and old samples was studied. An illustration how to distinguish between fresh and old samples by the analysis of the same ink entry after the time period of two months is provided.