不稳定分布的碳烟消光表征方法及规律分析

碳烟的消光表征方法有很多种,但对于评价不稳定分布的碳烟体系,需要花费较大的代价。基于RDG-FA理论提出了一种相对简便易行的适用于不稳定分布碳烟的消光表征方法,即以碳烟的质量浓度权重的平均质量消光系数来评价碳烟的消光特性。根据理论推导,碳烟的消光系数为平均质量消光系数和总质量浓度之积,而平均质量消光系数表达式中的各项均可通过理论分析、计算和实验方法得到。另外,对平均质量消光系数随碳烟粒径和聚合粒子尺寸的变化规律进行了理论分析,预测随着碳烟粒径和聚合粒子尺寸减小,碳烟的平均质量消光系数先快速减小,然后进入缓变区,慢慢减小。     

混合/流体润滑状态下原位离子液体添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

本工作重点研究了混合/流体润滑状态下原位离子液体添加剂的摩擦学性能,选用聚乙二醇(PEG-400)作基础油,将双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂盐(Li TFSI)溶解在PEG中原位合成离子液体.利用微型牵引力试验机测量在室温、60和80℃以及不同滑滚比下摩擦系数随卷吸速度的变化,研究离子液体添加剂的有效性以及离子液体添加剂对PEG流变行为的影响.本研究中将为深入研究离子液体的润滑机理提供一种新的研究手段,对于指导设计新型离子液体润滑材料具有较为重要的意义.     

四种次磷酸盐的合成

合成了次磷酸钙、次磷酸铁、次磷酸钡、次磷酸锌4种次磷酸盐，产率依次为94.7%、 98.1%、80.6%、 60.3%，粒径2~4 μm，其结构经SEM、 IR和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP)确证。      

添加剂和溶剂退火协同优化制备高性能厚膜有机太阳能电池

通过溶剂添加剂1-氯萘(CN)和二硫化碳(CS₂)溶剂退火(SVA)协同优化了基于窄带隙小分子受体的厚膜活性层形貌,揭示了该策略对共混膜形貌的调控机理,研究了其对活性层中的载流子动力学以及器件光伏性能的影响.结果表明,CN添加剂可以有效促进受体材料结晶聚集,CS₂溶剂退火能够进一步提升活性层材料分子堆积的有序性,同时优化给受体材料相分离尺寸,降低共混膜表面的粗糙度,实现了良好的纳米尺寸相分离形貌.基于CN+SVA处理的PM6∶Y6厚膜(300 nm)器件的电荷传输和复合性质得到改善,取得了15.23%的光电转换效率(PCE),显著高于未经处理(PCE=11.75%)和仅用CN处理(PCE=13.48%)的光伏器件.该策略具有良好的适用性,将基于PTQ10∶m-BTP-PhC6器件的光伏性能从13.22%提升至16.92%.     

碱性电解液中K3[Fe(CN)6]在锌阳极上的自发还原和吸附延长锌镍电池的循环寿命

In view of the continuously worsening environmental problems, fossil fuels will not be able to support the development of human life in the future. Hence, it is of great importance to work on the efficient utilization of cleaner energy resources. In this case, cheap, reliable, and eco-friendly grid-scale energy storage systems can play a key role in optimizing our energy usage. When compared with lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries, the excellent safety, environmental benignity, and low toxicity of aqueous Zn-based batteries make them competitive in the context of large-scale energy storage. Among the various Zn-based batteries, due to a high open-circuit voltage and excellent rate performance, Zn-Ni batteries have great potential in practical applications. Nevertheless, the intrinsic obstacles associated with the use of Zn anodes in alkaline electrolytes, such as dendrite, shape change, passivation, and corrosion, limit their commercial application. Hence, we have focused our current efforts on inhibiting the corrosion and dissolution of Zn species. Based on a previous study from our research group, the failure of the Zn-Ni battery was caused by the shape change of the Zn anode, which stemmed from the dissolution of Zn and uneven current distribution on the anode. Therefore, for the current study, we selected K₃[Fe(CN)₆] as an electrolyte additive that would help minimize the corrosion and dissolution of the Zn anode. In the alkaline electrolyte, [Fe(CN)₆]^3– was reduced to [Fe(CN)₆]^4– by the metallic Zn present in the Zn-Ni battery. Owing to its low solubility in the electrolyte, K₄[Fe(CN)₆] adhered to the active Zn anode, thereby inhibiting the aggregation and corrosion of Zn. Ultimately, the shape change of the anode was effectively eliminated, which improved the cycling life of the Zn-Ni battery by more than three times (i.e., from 124 cycles to more than 423 cycles). As for capacity retention, the Zn-Ni battery with the pristine electrolyte only exhibited 40% capacity retention after 85 cycles, while the Zn-Ni battery with the modified electrolyte (i.e., containing K₃[Fe(CN)₆]) showed 72% capacity retention. Moreover, unlike conventional organic additives that increase electrode polarization, the addition of K₃[Fe(CN)₆] not only significantly reduced the charge-transfer resistance in a simplified three-electrode system, but also improved the discharge capacity and rate performance of the Zn-Ni battery. Importantly, considering that this strategy was easy to achieve and minimized additional costs, K₃[Fe(CN)₆], as an electrolyte additive with almost no negative effect, has tremendous potential in commercial Zn-Ni batteries.     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾检测器法测定香精香料中甜蜜素的含量北大核心CSCD

香精香料是食品添加剂中的一个重要组成部分,由人工调配混合而成,其中含有2种或2种以上的香料,一般由天然提取香料、化学试剂、合成香料、甜味剂等多种成分构成[1]。随着香精香料使用范围的不断扩大,人们对香精香料质量控制等问题的关注度越来越高[2]。目前,为加强食品添加剂的规范生产经营,国家标准GB2760-2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》对一些易滥用食品添加剂进行了严格的限量规定[3]。     

气相色谱法测定电子烟烟液中烟碱、丙二醇和丙三醇的不确定度评定

依据GB/T 41701—2022中的气相色谱法,对电子烟烟液中烟碱、丙二醇和丙三醇含量进行测定,并进行测量不确定度评定。建立了数学模型,分析测量过程,确定不确定度来源,包括样品重复测量、标准溶液配制、标准曲线拟合、样品处理。通过计算各个不确定度分量,得到测量结果的合成相对标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。结果显示,在95%的置信水平下,包含因子k=2,当电子烟烟液样品中烟碱、丙二醇和丙三醇质量分数测定值分别为17.92、657.37、282.18 mg/g时,扩展不确定度分别为0.47、26.96、11.91 mg/g。气相色谱法测定电子烟烟液中烟碱、丙二醇和丙三醇的不确定度主要来源于标准曲线拟合及标准溶液配制,在日常检验过程中应采用纯度更高的标准物质、使用校正级别高的玻璃量器、规范标准溶液配制操作过程等措施保证测量结果的科学性与准确性。     

基于烟酰腙Schiff碱的Cu(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、晶体结构和性质

采用缓慢挥发法合成了2个烟酰腙类Schiff碱配合物[Cu(Py)(HL¹)]₂ (1)和[Ni(L²)₂] (2), 其中, H₃L¹=2, 4-二羟基苯甲醛缩烟酰腙, HL₂=2-乙酰基吡啶缩烟酰腙。采用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱、荧光光谱和热重分析以及X-射线单晶衍射分析进行了表征。结果表明, 1和2的晶体均属单斜晶系, P2₁/c空间群;1的晶胞参数a=0.739 86(12) nm, b=1.903 7(3) nm, c=1.154 86(19) nm, β=105.090(3)°, V=1.570 5(4) nm³;该化合物是中心对称的双核配合物, 每个Cu(Ⅱ)离子都处于畸变四方锥配位环境;结构基 元通过π-π相互作用和O-H…N氢键形成三维超分子。2的晶胞参数a=2.034 0(5) nm, b=1.183 2(3) nm, c=1.020 7(3) nm, V=2.456 1(11) nm³;中心离子Ni(Ⅱ)的配位数为6, 它处于畸变八面体配位环境。配合物有很高的热稳定性, 分解温度分别为315 ℃ (1)和358 ℃ (2)。