墨红花超临界二氧化碳香味萃取成分的色谱－质谱法测定

由墨红花提取的精油或油树脂是优质的天然香料，被广泛用于化妆品和食品工业。超临界ＣＯ２萃取墨红花精油，既可保持很好的香气，又能克服传统的有机溶剂萃取时有残余溶剂的缺点。用气相色谱－质谱联用法对超临界ＣＯ２萃取物与石油醚萃取物中的组成进行了分析比较。色谱条件为：ＯＶ－１０１固定相，氦气，０．２ｍｍ×５０ｍ石英毛细管柱，柱温７０℃２ｍｉｎ，然后以５℃／ｍｉｎ程序升温至２５０℃。超临界萃取条件为５０℃，２１ＭＰａ，ＣＯ２流量为１０ｍＬ。发现超临界萃取物中的成分包括了石油醚萃取物中的多数主要香味成分，但对香味影响较小的、分子量较大的烷烃和烯烃的含量较少。超临界二氧化碳萃取物的香气与鲜花相近。     

蠕墨铸铁／40Cr配副干摩擦三维表面形貌特征研究

采用探针式三维表面形貌仪考察了销－盘式干磨擦试验条件下蠕墨铸铁度销磨损表面的三维形貌特征。结果表明：度销磨损表面主要呈现犁沟型、孤岛型及二者的混合型３种形貌特征,其中具有孤岛型磨损表面形貌特征的试样的摩擦系数较高,磨损率较低;而具有犁沟型磨损表面形貌特征的试样的摩擦系数最低,磨损率最高,分析表面形貌参数发现：犁沟型表面形貌具有最大的表面高度偏差和表面空隙率及高负值的表面高度分布参数;而孤岛型表面形貌的表面高度偏差和表面空隙率最小,表面高度分布参数为高正值。     

笔墨中的化学

笔墨与我们的日常生活关系密切,无论读书、学习,还是标记、记录都离不开笔墨。简单介绍了几种常见笔的结构、性质及其所用墨水的化学组成与使用。     

高速干摩擦条件下铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损行为研究

在MMS-1G型高速干滑动摩擦磨损试验机上,采用铝基复合材料和蠕墨铸铁作为销试样,研究了速度和接触压力对摩擦副摩擦磨损特性的影响.结果表明:摩擦副的摩擦磨损特性受控于所产生的摩擦热、材料的导热能力以及材料保持一定塑性变形抗力的温度条件三者之间的耦合作用;随着速度与接触压力的增加,摩擦副的摩擦系数显著降低;不同材料表现出不同的磨损行为;接触压力愈高,材料的摩擦磨损性能差异愈小;在本文试验条件下,当摩擦速度较低(＜100 m/s)时,蠕墨铸铁表现出良好的摩擦磨损特性,而速度较高(＞100 m/s)时, 铝基复合材料表现出较优良的摩擦磨损性能.     

点缺陷石墨烯的电导

Graphene is one of the most promising materials in nanotechnology and has attracted worldwide attention and research interest owing to its high electrical conductivity, good thermal stability, and excellent mechanical strength. Perfect graphene samples exhibit outstanding electrical and mechanical properties. However, point defects are commonly observed during fabrication which deteriorate the performance of graphene based-devices. The transport properties of graphene with point defects essentially depend on the imperfection of the hexagonal carbon atom network and the scattering of carriers by localized states. Furthermore, an in-depth understanding of the effect of specific point defects on the electronic and transport properties of graphene is crucial for specific applications. In this work, we employed density functional theory calculations and the non-equilibrium Green's function method to systematically elucidate the effects of various point defects on the electrical transport properties of graphene, including Stone-Waals and inverse Stone-Waals defects; and single and double vacancies. The electrical conductance highly depends on the type and concentration of point defects in graphene. Low concentrations of Stone-Waals, inverse Stone-Waals, and single-vacancy defects do not noticeably degrade electron transport. In comparison, DV585 induces a moderate reduction of 25%–34%, and DV55577 and DV5555-6-7777 induce significant suppression of 51%–62% in graphene. As the defect concentration increases, the electrical conductance reduces by a factor of 2–3 compared to the case of graphene monolayers with a low concentration of point defects. These distinct electrical transport behaviors are attributed to the variation of the graphene band structure; the point defects induce localized states near the Fermi level and result in energy splitting at the Dirac point due to the breaking of the intrinsic symmetry of the graphene honeycomb lattice. Double vacancies with larger defect concentrations exhibit more flat bands near the Fermi energy and more localized states in the defective region, resulting in the presence of resonant peaks close to the Fermi energy in the local density of states. This may cause resonant scattering of the carriers and a corresponding reduction of the conductance of graphene. Moreover, the partial charge densities for double vacancies and point defects with larger concentrations exhibit enhanced localization in the defective region that hinder the charge carriers. The electrical conductance shows an exponential decay as the defect concentration and energy splitting increase. These theoretical results provide important insights into the electrical transport properties of realistic graphene monolayers and will assist in the fabrication of high-performance graphene-based devices.     

高效液相色谱-荧光分析法测定人体尿液中的墨蝶呤

建立了人体尿液中墨蝶呤的高效液相色谱-荧光分析方法.尿液经乙腈处理,过0.45μm水相滤膜后定容,可进行液相色谱分析.色谱柱为Kiamonsil C18柱,以水-甲醇(80∶20,υ/υ)为流动相,流速为1.O mL/min,荧光检测波长为λex=425nm,λem=530nm.墨蝶呤含量在0.005-1.0μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为y=106x-328.02(r=0.9990),检测限是0.002μg/mL.其加标平均回收率在98.7%～106.8%之间,相对标准偏差小于7.34%.该方法简便,应用于胃癌病人和健康人尿样中墨蝶呤测定,结果较好.     

鱿鱼墨多糖的硫酸酯化及抗凝血活性

本文采用三氧化硫吡啶复合物二甲亚砜法首次对北太平洋鱿鱼墨多糖SIP进行硫酸酯化。对硫酸酯化后多糖样品的基本化学组成进行测定,分析了糖组成,硫酸基含量和分子量。并结合红外光谱和一维核磁分析其结构,结果表明硫酸酯化主要发生在GalNAc的4,6位上。进一步的凝血活性分析表明有较好的延长APTT和PT时间效果。对凝血因子的抑制实验则表明,硫酸化后的鱿鱼墨多糖TBA-1对FIIa和FXa 均有显著的抑制作用。     

墨红花超临界二氧化碳香味萃取成分的色谱－质谱法测定

 由墨红花提取的精油或油树脂是优质的天然香料，被广泛用于化妆品和食品工业。超临界ＣＯ２萃取墨红花精油，既可保持很好的香气，又能克服传统的有机溶剂萃取时有残余溶剂的缺点。用气相色谱－质谱联用法对超临界ＣＯ２萃取物与石油醚萃取物中的组成进行了分析比较。色谱条件为：ＯＶ－１０１固定相，氦气，０．２ｍｍ×５０ｍ石英毛细管柱，柱温７０℃２ｍｉｎ，然后以５℃／ｍｉｎ程序升温至２５０℃。超临界萃取条件为５０℃，２１ＭＰａ，ＣＯ２流量为１０ｍＬ。     

Dependence of wavDependence of wavefront errors on nonuniformity of thin films

In contrast to uncoated substrate, a nonlinear relationship of phase shift with the thicknesses of the thin film makes the calculation of wavefront aberration complicated. A program is compiled to calculate the wavefront aberration of multilayer thin film produced by thickness nonuniformity. The physical thickness and the optical phase change on reflection are considered. As an example, the wavefront aberration of the all-dielectric mirror is presented in ArF excimer lithography system with a typical thickness distribution. In addition, the wavefront errors of the thin film at wavelengths of 193 and 633 nm are compared in the one-piece and two-piece arrangements. Results show that the phase shift upon reflection of the thin film produced by thickness nonuniformity is very sensitive to the incident angle, wavelength, and polarization.