肥皂膜过滤器的性能探究

物质分离是很多医疗和工业的核心技术.传统的固体过滤膜可以允许小于临界尺寸的粒子通过而阻挡大的粒子透过.然而，允许大粒子通过而小粒子停留的膜却很难人工制造.Birgitt Boschitsch Stogin、Luke Gockowski等人证明了完全由液体组成的液膜可以被设计成保留小于临界尺寸粒子而透过大尺寸粒子的过滤膜.基于上述研究，本文在液膜过滤器模型基础上进行解析推导，分析讨论了液膜的临界透过条件，并在实验中得到验证.同时，本文通过调节液膜表面张力系数实现了对粒子速度的筛选.     

氧化石墨烯增容尼龙6/聚苯乙烯共混体系的研究

氧化石墨烯(GO)亲水性的边缘和疏水性的中间片层使其具有两亲特性.利用GO的这种特性,将其加入尼龙6(PA6)/聚苯乙烯(PS)的共混体系,以提高PA6和PS的相容性.通过两步法制备了PA6/PS/GO共混物,研究了GO对PA6/PS共混材料结构形态与力学性能的影响,并对其增容机理进行了探讨.扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明,添加GO后,共混材料的分散相尺寸明显变小,分散更为均匀,少量的GO即可达到良好的增容效果.动态力学性能(DMA)测试进一步证明了GO对PA6/PS共混物具有一定的增容性.理论计算也表明PS/GO共混物和PA6具有更接近的表面自由能和较低的界面自由能.添加GO后共混物材料的拉伸性能和韧性明显提高.GO添加量为0.1 wt％时,共混材料的断裂伸长率较未添加GO的共混材料提高了170％,断裂能也提高了近240％.     

十二烷基苯中有机玻璃和尼龙的纳秒脉冲沿面闪络特性

为了揭示十二烷基苯中绝缘材料沿面闪络的发展过程,并研究有效提高脉冲功率装置绝缘爬电距离的方法,通过实验对不同脉冲前沿、不同电场形式下有机玻璃和尼龙6在负脉冲电压下的沿面闪络电压进行了测量。结果发现:随着脉冲陡度的增加,沿面闪络电压增大;随着沿面距离的增大,闪络电压升高,但闪络场强降低;电场越不均匀,越容易发生闪络,并且在极不均匀场中,闪络距离较大时,闪络电压随沿面距离的增长趋势变缓,出现了明显的拐点。研究认为,液体介质中的沿面闪络与真空中的沿面闪络具有相似的闪络机制,沿面闪络是在气化的通道内完成的。     

尼龙1010在水润滑下的摩擦学特性与磨损机理

利用往复式摩擦磨损试验机，研究了尼龙１０１０在水润滑条件下与Ａ３钢对摩时的摩擦学特性，同时还利用扫描电子显微镜，付里叶变换红外光谱仪和Ｘ射线光电能谱仪，分别对试样磨损表面和磨屑的形貌及化学结构进行了显微观察与分析。结果表明：在给定的试验条件于干摩擦过程中的高约１个数量级，在水润滑条件下，尼龙１０１０的磨损机理除有干摩擦时的机械微切削外，还由于这种尼龙分子中酰胺基的水解和水分子的作用，削弱了尼龙表层     

填充聚四氟乙烯对尼龙6摩擦磨损性能影响的研究

用Timken试验机考察了热压成形的PTFE填充尼龙6在干摩擦状态下的摩擦磨损性能及PTFE填充量、滑动速度和负荷对摩擦磨损的影响,并用X-光电子能谱仪(XPS)和电子探针(EPMA)研究了金属偶件摩擦表面转移膜的组成与形貌。结果表明,在给定的试验条件下,填充PTFE能够有效地改善尼龙6的摩擦磨损性能,PTFE的填充量在8～20％(vol)之间时的效果较好,8％PTFE填充尼龙6的PV值可比纯尼龙6的高1倍;填充PTFE的效用主要取决于转移膜的特性和PTFE在转移膜中的富集量。     

Magnetic filtration with magnetized granular beds： Basic principles and filter performance

This study is devoted to the explanation of different characteristics of magnetic filtration and the way these characteristics affect the important filtration parameters. Magnetic fields in pores and the force effect of these fields on magnetic particles and the magnetization properties of packed beds composed of ferromagnetic spheres and metal chips are evaluated. The profile of accumulation and capture regions of the particles, the variation of the fluid velocity in these regions and analytic expressions of particle capture radius are presented. The effects of filtration regime parameters on magnetic filter performance were investigated. An analytical expression has been obtained for the dependence of the logarithmic efficiency coefficient on filtration velocity, the geometry of filter elements, the particle size and other parameters of filtration. The stationary and non-stationary equations of the magnetic filtration processes are given. An expression of magnetic filter performance is shown with dimensionless parameters obtained from the filtration system. These relations are useful for calculations in engineering practice, including the design of magnetic filters, provision of suggestions on construction, and optimization and control of filter operation.     

尼龙6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料非等温结晶动力学和透明性研究

将有机化的蒙脱土与尼龙6(PA6)在Haake共混机中共混,制备出尼龙6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料(PA6N);对尼龙6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料和纯尼龙6分别进行差示扫描量热法非等温结晶试验,以了解蒙脱土在尼龙6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料中的成核作用、扩大尼龙6在包装领域的应用范围.与此同时,采用偏光显微镜测定了样品的结晶形态;采用紫...     

超支化聚磷酸酯阻燃剂对尼龙6的成炭促进作用

以三氯氧磷和双酚A为原料制备了具有超支化结构的聚磷酸酯阻燃剂(HPPEA),通过红外(FTIR),核磁(1H-NMR,31P-NMR)及热重分析表征了产物的结构和热稳定性.将HPPEA与三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)进行复配,通过熔融共混法制备阻燃尼龙6,通过氧指数法和垂直燃烧法测试了其阻燃性能,采用热重分析(TGA)研究...     

超声提取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定尼龙等食品接触材料中5种酰胺类物质

对超声提取法从尼龙等食品接触材料中分离出5种酸胺类物质(丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、己内酰胺、油酸酰胺和硬脂酰胺)的条件进行了优化。预先将所分析的材料洗净晾干,剪成0.5cm×0.5cm的小块,并混匀。取此样品1.00g,用甲醇先后提取2次,每次加甲醇25mL,于25℃超声提取30min。将提取后过滤所得滤液合并,在45℃吹氮至近干。残渣用甲醇溶解并定容至50.0mL。取此溶液1.0mL,用0.22μm滤膜过滤,取其滤液按仪器工作条件进行气相色谱-质谱分析。选用Agilent HP5-MS色谱柱及在60～270℃区间按程序升温模式进行色谱分离,并按5种酰胺化合物的保留时间进行质谱测定。上述5种酰胺的质量浓度均在5～100mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系。测得其检出限(3S/N)为0.08～1.0mg·L~(-1)。以空白样品为基体,加入5种酰胺的混合标准溶液进行回收试验,测得回收率为90.2%～104%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.78%～1.7%。按本方法分析了4件实样,结果仅在尼龙炊具中检测到已内酰胺,质量分数为10mg·kg~(-1),小于欧盟规定的迁移限量(15mg·kg~(-1))。     

Electrospinning of nylon-6,6 solutions into nanofibers: Rheology and morphology relationships

The relationship between the rheological properties of nylon-6,6 solutions and the morphology of their electrospun nanofibers was established. The viscosity of nylon-6,6 in formic acid(90%) was measured in the concentration range of 5 wt%-25 wt% using a programmable viscometer. Electrospinning of nylon-6,6 solutions was carried out under controlled parameters. The chemical structure, morphology and thermal properties of the obtained nanofibers were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), respectively. Entanglement concentration(ce) was found to be 15 wt% and a power law relationship between specific viscosity and solution concentration was observed with exponents of 2.0 and 3.3 for semi-dilute unentangled(c ce) and semi-dilute entangled(c ce) regimes, respectively. The diameter and uniformity of the nanofibers were found to be dependent on the viscosity. Moreover, the average diameter of electrospun nanofibers was found to be dependent on zero shear rate viscosity and normalized concentration(c/ce) in a power law relationship with exponents of 0.298 and 0.816, respectively. For nylon-6,6 solutions, the entanglement concentration(ce = 15 wt%) provides the threshold viscosity required for the formation of a stable polymeric jet during electrospinning and producing uniform beadless fibers. For concentrations less than ce, beaded fibers with some irregularities are formed. DSC analysis showed an increase in crystallinity of all electrospun samples compared to original polymer. Furthermore, Based on FTIR spectroscopy, α phase is dominant in electrospun nanofibers and minor amount of β and γ phases is also available.