Li-KCl熔融界面上离子扩散的分子动力学研究

采用分子动力学(MD)方法研究了熔融Li(电极)-KCl(电解质)界面上离子的扩散行为。熔融界面上离子的扩散动力学通过离子质心的均方位移(MSD)和速度自相关函数(VACF)进行研究,扩散系数由MSD(t)函数线性区间的斜率和VACF(t)函数积分得到。模拟结果表明,在熔融的Li-KCl界面上,Li+离子在浓度梯度的驱动下穿过界面发生定向迁移,导致双电层的形成和外电路上电流的输出。Li+离子的扩散系数比K+和Cl-离子的大7～8倍,说明在界面上Li+离子是主要的载荷子,热电池的电荷传输机制主要与Li+离子的扩散运动有关。由Nernst-Einstein公式对电导率进行估算,由扩散到KCl层中的Li+离子产生的电导率约为0.4 S.cm-2,对应的电流密度估算值为3.27×105A.cm-2。     

橄榄石结构磷酸盐脱/嵌锂过程的控制步骤研究

本文详细研究了橄榄石结构磷酸盐脱嵌锂过程的控制步骤,发现就多元橄榄石结构Li(FeMnCo)PO4磷酸盐而言,碳含量比较低时在充放电曲线之间存在非对称现象.充电时与Fe2+/Fe3+电对对应的容量小于理论容量,与Co2+/Co3+电对对应的容量大于理论容量;放电时与Co2+/Co3+电对对应的容量远小于相应的充电容量,但是与Fe2+/Fe3+电对对应的放电容量远大于与该电对对应的充电容量.电极呈现出以Co2+/Co3+电对充电,以Fe2+/Fe3+电对放电的行为.作者认为在充电和放电过程中活性材料颗粒内部存在内界面,充电时内界面内部组成是Fe2+、Co2+、Mn2+和低浓度的Fe3+,而内界面外部组成是Co3+、Mn2+、Fe3+和低浓度的Co2+.非对称现象的主要原因是内界面移动速度缓慢,碳含量低时慢的内界面移动速度是电化学脱嵌锂过程的主要控制步骤.     

Phase pre-emphasis technique in real-time AOS-OFDM system

A phase pre-emphasis technique used in an all-optical sampling orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （AOS-OFDM） system is proposed and demonstrated. With the application of this technique, 50-Gb/s AOS-OFDM data are successfully transmitted over 20-km uncompensated single-mode fiber （SMF） with real-time direct-detection. The constructive interference effect between symbols is decreased with this technique.     

Ultrasonic backward radiation profile on painted rough interface

Generalized Lamb surface waves are generated in a surface region when ultrasonic waves are incident to the layered substrates such as painted specimen in liquid. Then, backward radiated waves are returned to the direction of incidence by scattering and energy radiation of the surface waves. Hence, the backward radiation could be used in assessing the interracial state between layer and substrate because the surface wave is sensitive to the change of physical properties in a surface region. Painting surface treatment of commercial products and articles occasionally hide the surface region trouble such as roughness and crack. The evaluation of interfacial state under painting layer is very important in the prevention of great accidence, hence the evaluation technique should be nondestructive, fast and easy applicable to the fields. The backward radiations were measured for the painted glass with periodic interfacial roughness immersed in water tank. The effect of interfacial roughness on the angular pattern and frequency spectrum of the ultrasonic backward radiation was investigated to develop the nondestructive technique for interfacial roughness evaluation.     

物理实验教学系统

本文介绍了计算机与电视录像相结合用以辅助教学的物理实验教学系统     

具有黏附性的吸能弹性体材料的合成与性能

首先，以羟基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS-OH)与三甲氧基硼氧六环(TMOB)反应制备冲击硬化聚合物(IHP)；然后，采用乙烯基封端聚二甲基硅氧烷(vinyl-PDMS)与甲基含氢硅油(PDMS-H)反应生成交联聚二甲基硅氧烷（交联PDMS）；再通过自由基聚合制备聚2-（（（（丁基氨基）羰基）氧代）甲基丙烯酸丁酯）（PBM）；最后，以IHP、PBM和交联PDMS预聚液通过“一锅出”的方式，制备了具有黏附性的吸能弹性体材料(IHP-EA)。其中，IHP作为其动态交联网络提供吸能特性，交联PDMS作为其稳态交联网络提供机械强度，PBM与底物形成高密度氢键提供其黏附性能。采用多种结构表征方法及性能分析手段，探讨了IHP-EA中不同组分对性能的影响。结果表明:IHP-EA在玻璃基材上的黏附强度达198 kPa，且具备良好的转移黏附和多次黏附能力；同时IHP-EA在4.43 m/s的高速冲击下可实现78.44%的能量吸收率，表现出优异的吸能减震性能。     

含噁嗪环硅烷偶联剂对石英纤维/含硅芳炔复合材料性能的影响

从石英纤维(QF)、含硅芳炔树脂(PSA)分子结构特点出发,设计并合成了一种含有噁嗪环和端炔的新型硅烷偶联剂(BCA),并以BCA改善QF/PSA复合材料的界面性能。采用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、X-射线电子能谱(XPS)及扫描电镜(SEM)等测试手段表征了BCA与QF/PSA复合材料的相互作用和界面改性效果。结果表明:BCA能够分别与PSA和QF形成良好的化学键合,改善复合材料的界面黏结;经w=2.0%的BCA处理后,QF/PSA复合材料的层间剪切强度、弯曲强度分别较未处理前提高了69.1%和68.8%。     

无机盐添加剂对纳米WO3/rGO气敏性能的影响

通过微波辅助气-液界面法制备了WO3/rGO复合纳米材料,并以无机盐KCl、NaCl、MgCl2、AlCl3为添加剂,将无机盐离子(K+、Na+、Mg2+、Al3+)成功地添加到WO3/rGO纳米材料当中,无机盐离子有效地改变了WO3/rGO纳米颗粒的尺寸,提高了WO3/rGO纳米材料的气敏性能.含有MgCl2添加剂的WO3/rGO的气敏性能最好,在180℃时其对5 ppm NOx的灵敏度值可达301.1,响应/恢复时间仅为3 s/21 s,并且将WO3/rGO的最佳工作温度由210℃降低到了180℃.     

Bonding Interface Imaging and Shear Strength Prediction by Ultrasound1

The propagation of a longitudinal ultrasonic wave normally incident upon an adhesively bonded structure is stud- ied. The structure consists of adherend and adhesive layers with finite thickness. Interfaces between adherend and adhesive are regarded as distributed springs. Theoretical and experimental results show that resonant frequencies of the bonded structure vary sensitively with the interface stiffness constants and adhesive thickness, and these interface characteristics are inversed by the simulation annealing （SA） method. Furthermore, the distribution image of interface stiffnesses is compared with the state of fracture interface, and quantitative prediction of shear strength is achieved based on the distribution of interface stiffnesses and adhesive thicknesses by using a back- propagation neutral network. The average relative error of the shear strength from prediction to real value is 10.7%.     

耗散腔中两二能级原子态的量子信息保真度

在能量耗散腔中,原子用泡利算符描述,光场用相干态描述,运用密度矩阵理论,得到了两二能级原子密度矩阵元的演化规律,针对不同的初态,分析与单模辐射场作用过程中原子态的量子信息保真度.结果表明:当两原子初始处于不同的量子态时,量子信息在传输过程中可能不失真或部分失真,也可能出现周期性演化;在输出态和输入态具有相同的纠缠度时,量子信息可能不失真,也可能完全失真.