滑动模式对超高分子量聚乙烯摩擦磨损行为的影响

在自行研制的髋关节模拟试验机上,以交叉滑动及单向滑动2种方式对比考察了蒸馏水润滑条件下超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)的摩擦磨损性能,采用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了UHMWPE的磨损表面形貌并探讨其磨损机理.结果表明:在相同载荷条件下,UHMWPE在交叉滑动方式下的磨损率明显高于单向滑动方式;在交叉滑动方式下,UHMWPE的主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损、粘着磨损及塑性变形引起的表层剥落,而在单向滑动下其磨损形式主要为磨粒磨损伴随着少量的疲劳剥片;不同滑动方式所导致的磨损机理差异是造成UHMWPE磨损性能变化的主要原因.与其它试验方式相比,在髋关节模拟试验机上所得出的试验数据更接近临床观测结果.     

泡沫铝填充薄壁圆管的三点弯曲实验的数值模拟

泡沫金属填充薄壁结构的应用日趋广泛,建立合理的数值计算模型对结构设计和工程应用非常重要.该文通过对泡沫铝填充薄壁铝合金圆管的三点弯曲实验的数值模拟,研究了它的力学行为.采用ABAQUS软件,建立了空管和泡沫铝全填充管的有限元模型,并对这两种结构在三点弯曲下的力学行为进行了数值模拟,所得结果与实验结果符合得较好.通过数值模拟分析了结构的承载机理和不同压头直径对结构承载能力的影响.此外,还研究了泡沫铝部分填充圆管的三点弯曲行为,分析了不同填充长度对结构承载能力的影响.     

灰色系统模型在结构损伤识别中的应用

开发结构健康监测系统是结构损伤识别的一个重要课题。由于建筑结构具有很多不确定因素，通过模态分析识别结构损伤的精度很难保证。本文提出一种灰色系统模型应用于结构损伤识别的方法。建立频率变化率和刚度变化的灰色系统模型，把一阶单变量的灰色模型(M(1，1))作为频率变化率和刚度变化之间的系统，通过一阶单变量的灰色模型(M(1，1))预测来体现结构动力指纹的整体功能，确定频率变化率和刚度变化之间的关系变量。为了验证理论，对多种工况进行了框架结构模型的振动试验并对结果进行了分析。试验结果表明：对于层间剪切结构，通过测量结构频率变化，建立的灰色系统模型可以较准确地确定结构的损伤位置和损伤程度，并使识别精度得到有效提高。     

Damage detection in structures using modified back-propagation neural networks

A nonparametric structural damage detection methodology based on neural networks method is presented for health monitoring of structure-unknown systems. In this approach appropriate neural networks are trained by use of the modal test data from a ‘healthy’ structure. The trained networks which are subsequently fed with vibration measurements from the same structure in different stages have the capability of recognizing the location and the content of structural damage and thereby can monitor the health of the structure. A modified back-propagation neural network is proposed to solve the two practical problems encountered by the traditional back-propagation method, i.e., slow learning progress and convergence to a false local minimum. Various training algorithms, types of the input layer and numbers of the nodes in the input layer are considered. Numerical example results from a 5-degree-of-freedom spring-mass structure and analyses on the experimental data of an actual 5-storey-steel-frame demonstrate that neural-networks-based method is a robust procedure and a practical tool for the detection of structural damage, and that the modified back-propagation algorithm could improve the computational efficiency as well as the accuracy of detection Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59908003) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 99J035).     

光纤陀螺可视化测试系统设计与实现

叙述了光纤陀螺可视化测试系统的设计方案和实现功能。该系统通过VC＋＋6．0中方便简洁的串口通信控件MSComm来实现光纤陀螺的数据采集，并使用技巧的数据存储方法，存储后的数据通过MATLAB7．0开发的数据处理程序进行处理，所有操作均采用模块化设计和可视化方法，方便和简化了复杂的测试过程。实验结果表明整个测试系统具有准确性、方便性等优点。     

On-line pseudo-dynamic network testing on base-isolated bridges using Internet and wireless Internet

In this paper we present the results of the online pseudo-dynamic network testing using the Internet that were jointly conducted by several institutions in Korea and Japan. Example studies were performed on base-isolated bridges with four continous spans. Test facilities located at several institutions were interactively used to test the non-linear behaviors of the base isolators. At first, a series of international network tests was carried out between Japan and Korea, and the performance of two system configurations with different data communication schemes was compared. Then, network tests were repeated on a similar bridge structure between two institutions in Korea, and the overall performance was discussed. A web-based Java monitoring system was developed for checking the partners' testing conditions and for sharing the test results with the authorized observers. Wireless Internet technology using mobile phones was also investigated. The results indicate that the time to execute a single step varies widely, depending on the data communication/sharing schemes and the testing hardware, e.g., 0.2–15 s for data communication and 1–10 s for execution of the pseudo-dynamic tests for each time-step. The time required additionally for data communication in the on-line network testing is judged as reasonable in comparison with the time for the pseudo-dynamic test. The results also show that the wireless communication is very attractive for on-line network testing, owing to the mobility and Internet security.     

纤维金属板层分层尺寸的测量方法研究

导出了纤维金属胶接层板双面裂纹搭接剪切（ＤＣＬＳ）试样分层尺寸和柔度之间的线性关系式，提出了ＤＣＬＳ试样分层尺寸的柔度测量法，并与用光测法测得的分层尺寸进行了对比。结果表明，用柔度法测定ＤＣＬＳ试样的分层尺寸，不仅测量结果准确，而且简单易行，避免了光测法的诸多麻烦和精度低的缺点。     

Determination of dynamic fracture-initiation toughness using three-point bending tests in a modified Hopkinson pressure bar

We present a procedure for measuring the dynamic fracture-initiation toughness of materials. The method is based on three-point bending tests at high loading rates, performed in an experimental device which is a modification of the classical split Hopkinson pressure bar. Coupled with the loading device, a high-speed photography system was used to measure the crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) directly on the specimen. The stress intensity factor was calculated by three different simplified methods and the time to fracture was obtained from an appropriate specimen instrumentation. To evaluate the results derived from the simplified methods, a two-dimensional full-numerical analysis of the dynamic bending fracture test was made. The model includes the specimen, the input bar, the impacting projectile and the supporting device and takes into account the possible loss of contact during the experiment between the input bar and the specimen and between the specimen and its supports. From the tests and numerical results, it can be concluded that the CMOD procedure, together with the knowledge of the time to fracture determined using crack gages, seems to be the best method for measuring dynamic fracture-initiation toughness.     

深部砂土三轴高压卸载结构变化的CT研究

用取自山东巨野矿区埋深近 6 0 0m的深部砂土样,在三轴试验机上进行围压为 12MPa的三轴卸载试验,同时用CT装置探测试样在试验全过程中内部结构变化,并对纪录的CT图片进行了计算机图像分析处理,分析了深部砂土在高压卸载条件下变形和破坏结构性变化本质特点。