基于光纤光栅绝对测量技术的高耐久智能钢拉杆

针对目前钢拉杆构件缺少施工荷载下的内力测试和服役期间的长期监测手段问题,采用玻璃钢封装技术研制开发出一种新型的基于光纤光栅绝对测量传感技术的高耐久性智能钢拉杆。在理论屈服荷载85%的拉伸荷载下,智能钢拉杆感知的应变具有很好的线性度和重复性,由其得到的测试杆力与实验张拉力吻合良好,误差在4%以内。该智能钢拉杆具有抗电磁干扰、传感距离长、成本低、耐腐蚀、绝对测量等优点,既可以方便给出任何阶段的受力状态,也可以作为一个大应变式荷载传感器对其相邻的结构进行荷载监测,适合用于恶劣服役环境下的钢拉杆工程结构。     

Study of vacancy defects and their thermal stability in MeV Fe ion irradiated RAFM steel using positron beam Doppler broadening spectroscopy

Indian reduced activation ferritic-martensitic steel was irradiated with 1.1?MeV Fe ions to various doses from 1 to100?dpa at room temperature. The depth profiling of irradiation-induced vacancy-type defects and the defect-recovery under post-irradiation annealing was studied using variable low-energy positron beam Doppler broadening spectroscopy. The influence of irradiation-induced defects on the microstructural properties was studied by glancing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and nanoindentation technique. Positron annihilation study showed the signatures of reduced vacancy concentration at the peak damage region due to injected interstitial effect from 30 to 100?dpa and the widening of vacancy-interstitial recombination-rich region towards the end of ion range with the increase in dose. The GIXRD results were analysed by modified Williamson–Hall plot method, and the variation of coherent domain size and micro-strain with irradiation dose was studied. Irradiation-induced hardening was observed in the nanoindentation study. The features observed in the GIXRD and nanoindentation study are correlated with the depth-resolved defect distribution observed in the positron annihilation study.     

Grain refinement and strengthening of austenitic stainless steels during large strain cold rolling

The microstructure/texture evolution and strengthening of 316?L-type and 304?L-type austenitic stainless steels during cold rolling were studied. The cold rolling was accompanied by the deformation twinning and micro-shear banding followed by the strain-induced martensitic transformation, leading to nanocrystalline microstructures consisting of flattened austenite and martensite grains. The fraction of ultrafine grains can be expressed by a modified Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation, while inverse exponential function holds as a first approximation between the mean grain size (austenite or martensite) and the total strain. The deformation austenite was characterised by the texture components of Brass, {011}<211>, Goss, {011}<100>, and S, {123}<634>, whereas the deformation martensite exhibited a strong {223}<110> texture component along with remarkable γ-fibre, <111>∥ND, with a maximum at {111}<211>. The grain refinement during cold rolling led to substantial strengthening, which could be expressed by a summation of the austenite and martensite strengthening contributions.     

Facile preparation of superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic mesh for oil/water separation in harsh environments

An effective solution to separate oil and water is urgently needed owing to the increasingly serious problem of oil pollution. Numerous studies have been done to endow ordinary materials with extreme wettability for oil/water separation. Unfortunately, most of these materials cannot work in harsh environments, resulting in the low stability and practicability in practice. Herein, a facile method was proposed to fabricate superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic mesh by immersing ordinary mesh in a mixture of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and chromium trioxide (CrO₃). After immersing for just 1?min, the mesh was endowed with superhydrophilicity (CA?=?0°) and underwater superoleophobicity (hexane CA?=?151°, SA?=?14°). Increasing the immersion time to 3?min, the prepared mesh exhibited better superoleophobicity. A separation device was developed based on the prepared mesh and the separation efficiencies for diverse oil/water mixtures containing acid, alkaline, salt and hot water were above 95%. The device retained a high efficiency after being reused for 20 times and the prepared mesh maintained superoleophobicity after immersing underwater for 72?h and abrasion test of 100 cycles. This oil/water separation method is easy-to-use, inexpensive, power-free and it can be used to separate caustic oil/water mixtures.     

碳钢在碳酸铵溶液中的腐蚀研究实验改进

采用线性扫描伏安法和交流阻抗法研究了碳钢在不同实验条件下的腐蚀规律,碳钢在碳酸铵溶液中的阳极过程为溶解、钝化、过钝化溶解,溶解初期在电极界面的传质为线性扩散控制;随着溶液温度的升高,阻抗谱表示为单一时间常数的容抗弧,容抗弧直径逐渐减小,电阻变小,碳钢的腐蚀速度增大;Cl~-浓度越大,钝化区域变小,碳钢更容易腐蚀;加入硫脲缓蚀剂,碳钢容抗弧直径增大,电阻变大,有利于保护碳钢。     

GCr15钢接触表面塑性形变强化与裂纹萌生机制

对轴承钢GCr15在油润滑条件下开展滚动接触疲劳试验, 利用扫描电镜和透射电镜对疲劳样品亚表面微观组织进行观察, 并分析塑性变形层微观结构变化引起的形变强化和裂纹萌生机制. 结果表明: 在摩擦力作用下, 接触表面组织发生塑性流动是由于晶界处的位错滑移使晶粒产生滑移变形, 越接近表面组织滑移变形越严重, 硬度也越高; 塑性变形层内有纳米晶产生, 并有部分碳化物溶解, 无相变发生; 由于在塑性变形层的晶界处产生孔洞而出现层状纤维组织, 孔洞在循环应力的作用下形成裂纹; 塑性变形层的厚度随着接触应力和循环次数的增加而增加.     

蛋氨酸衍生物的合成及其缓蚀性能研究

本文合成了一种新型蛋氨酸衍生物酸洗缓蚀剂,运用红外光谱及核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了鉴定。采用失重法和电化学法研究了在0. 5mol·L~(-1)硫酸介质中其对碳钢试片的缓蚀性能,并通过吸附等温模型对缓蚀机理进行初步的探讨。结果表明,蛋氨酸衍生物的缓蚀效率约为90%,整体用量适中,是一种有望得到良好应用的绿色缓蚀剂。电化学分析表明,蛋氨酸衍生物为混合型缓蚀剂,其通过增大金属表面的电荷转移电阻而降低电化学腐蚀速率。     

方钢管型钢再生混凝土组合短柱轴压性能非线性分析

在方钢管型钢再生混凝土组合短柱轴心受压试验研究的基础上,选择合理的再生混凝土和钢材本构模型,结合现有结构非线性分析理论,采用Abaqus有限元软件建立该组合短柱的有限元模型,并对该短柱轴压性能进行全过程非线性分析。主要研究其破坏形态、应力分布及荷载-应变关系曲线,分析再生骨料取代率、方钢管宽厚比、型钢配钢率和再生混凝土强度对该短柱轴压性能的影响规律,并将其与试验结果进行对比,同时对短柱进行有限元参数分析。结果表明,有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,该有限元模型能较好地模拟方钢管型钢再生混凝土组合短柱轴压性能;组合柱轴向承载力随再生骨料取代率的增加而有所降低,而随方钢管宽厚比、型钢配钢率和再生混凝土强度的增加而增加。总体上看,该组合短柱承载力高,变形能力较好,研究结论可为方钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱的工程应用提供一定参考。     

局部屈曲FRP增强薄壁钢管混凝土抗震性能

为了研究FRP(Fiber Reinforced Polymer)增强薄壁钢管混凝土的抗震机理,提出FRP约束钢管局部屈曲应力-应变关系并建立FRP约束钢管恢复力模型,在此基础上建立FRP增强薄壁钢管混凝土柱滞回模型,开展FRP增强薄壁钢管混凝土柱拟静力试验以验证滞回模型的合理性,同时考查FRP布置方式对柱体抗震性能的影响,利用滞回模型对FRP增强薄壁钢管混凝土的耗能机理进行分析。研究表明,薄壁钢管局部屈曲所导致的强度退化是柱体抗震性能劣化的主要原因,基于纤维力学特性合理设计FRP的增强方式可有效提升柱体的抗震性能。CFRP宜采用环向约束方式抑制薄壁钢管的局部屈曲;GFRP宜采用纵向抗弯方式提高柱体大变形下的承载能力。FRP增强薄壁钢管混凝土的耗能主要由钢管承担,在本文研究参数范围内,薄壁钢管耗能占比超过80%,混凝土耗能介于10%～20%,纵向FRP耗能小于8%,对薄壁钢管实施有效约束后,其耗能可提高40%以上。     

HRB400焊接试样拉伸全过程声发射信号 时频能量特征*

为了深入研究螺纹钢拉伸全过程声发射信号特征,开展了完整和焊接试样的拉伸实验,通过SAEU2S型数字声发射系统对损伤特性进行实时监测。结合金属材料力学行为特性,根据计数率将全过程划分成不同的阶段,采用伪Margenau-Hill(PMH)分布进行了时频分析并利用小波包变换对信号进行了能量分析。结果表明：声发射特性参数能够很好的描述焊接对材料力学性能的影响,PMH分布具有良好的时频聚集性,频域和能量分析能够很好地描述焊接对材料力学性能的影响。实验结果为声发射技术应用于钢结构工程损伤定量、寿命预测、实时监测的研究提供了参考依据。