Turbulent boundary layer flow with a step change from smooth to rough surface

A direct numerical simulation (DNS) dataset of a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) with a step change from a smooth to a rough surface is analyzed to examine the characteristics of a spatially developing flow. The roughness elements are periodically arranged two-dimensional (2-D) spanwise rods, with the first rod placed 80θ_in downstream from the inlet, where θ_in denotes the inlet momentum thickness. Based on an accurate estimation of relevant parameters, clear evidence for mean flow universality is provided when scaled properly, even for the present roughness configuration, which is believed to have one of the strongest impacts on the flow. Compared to previous studies, it is shown that overshooting behavior is present in the first- and second-order statistics and is locally created either within the cavity or at the leading edge of the roughness depending on the type of statistics and the wall-normal measurement location. Inspection of spatial two-point correlations of the streamwise velocity fluctuations shows a continuous increase of spanwise length scales of structures over the rough wall after the step change at a greater growth rate than that over smooth wall TBL flow. This is expected because spanwise energy spectrum shows presence of much energetic wider structures over the rough wall. Full images of the DNS data are presented to describe not only predominance of hairpin vortices but also a possible spanwise scale growth mechanism via merging over the rough wall.     

豚鼠内耳前庭-半规管生物力学模型研究

人体维持平衡主要依靠前庭、视觉及本体感觉3个系统的相互协调来完成,其中前庭系统最为重要.因其结构细微且位置深在,传统方法难以满足现代前庭医学定位、定性、定量的研究需要,而生物数值模拟研究方法在现代耳科学研究中优势显著.建立精准的生物数值模型是其重点之一.本研究通过连续组织切片技术获取豚鼠内耳膜性结构的二维解剖数据,进一步建立同时包括前庭和3个半规管的宏观三维生物数值模型,其空间结构特征及尺寸与解剖学观察一致;数值模拟临床医学冷热实验,量化描述了不同环境温度激励下半规管内壶腹嵴顶位移、速度和压强等参数随时间变化的生物力学特征,其与临床观察到的眼震结果一致.总之,通过连续组织切片技术获取内耳膜性结构二维解剖数据并据此建立内耳三维生物数值模型的研究方法可行,所建立的生物模型可满足前庭-半规管平衡功能定位、定性、定量的研究需要.      

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF BROWNIAN COAGULATION AND MIXING OF NANOPARTICLES IN 2D RAYLEIGH-B?NARD CONVECTION

采用泰勒展开矩方法对二维瑞利-贝纳德热对流系统(1×10⁶ ≤Ra ≤1 ×10⁸) 中纳米颗粒群的混合和凝并特性进行了数值模拟. 结果显示颗粒群随时间演化经历了扩散阶段、混合阶段、充分混合阶段3 个阶段, 随着颗粒群混合和凝并的进行, 颗粒数目浓度减少, 颗粒群的平均体积增大; 得到了颗粒分布函数各特征量与温度相关系数以及各特征量的空间分布标准偏差在3 个阶段的不同特征; 得到了颗粒分布函数各阶矩以及平均体积长时间演化的渐近行为, 结果与零维渐近解析解一致. 最后, 本文进一步研究了无量纲数(包括瑞利数Ra, 斯密特数Sc_M, 达姆科勒数Da) 对颗粒群达到自保持分布时间的影响, 发现该时间随着Ra和Sc_M的增大呈对数率减小, 随着Da的增大呈线性增大     

Study of plasma technology for silicate refractory melts production

Herein the fundamentally new unit for production of silicate refractory melts with the use of high-concentrated heat fluxes is considered. Mathematical model describing temperature fields in skull layer in the process of the plasma flow interaction with the particles of refractory silicate material has been developed. Typical numerical results of temperature distribution in various sections of the skull layer are presented. Numerical and experimental data have been compared, and their fair agreement is obtained. The work was financially supported by RF President (Grant No. MK 1110.2008.8).     

Modelling of change of the classifier separation characteristics by water injection into the apparatus

The investigation of the influence of additional water injection in a classifier on the particle separation process characteristics has been performed on the basis of numerical modelling. It has been shown that the increase in water injection velocity leads to the increase of both the cut size and the minimal value of separation curve. The change of the injector opening size influences only the minimum value of the separation function not altering the cut size at the specified water injection velocity.     

Boundary element numerical method for the electric field generated by oblique multi-needle electrodes

According to the electric potential of oblique multi-needle electrodes (OMNE) in biological tissue, the discrete equations based on the indetermination linear current density were established by the boundary element integral equations (BEIE). The non-uniform distribution of the current flowing from multi-needle electrodes to conductive biological tissues was imaged by solving a set of linear equations. Then, the electric field and potential generated by OMNE in biological tissues at any point may be determined through the boundary element method (BEM). The time of program running and stability of computing method are examined by an example. It demonstrates that the algorithm possesses a quick speed and the steady computed results. It means that this method has an important referenced significance for computing the field and the potential generated by OMNE in bio-tissue, which is a fast, effective and accurate computing method. Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (Grant No. 1083011), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10705049), and the Funding Project for Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning Under the Jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality     

Experimental and numerical study on instability structure of the supersonic mixing layer (Mc = 0.5)

The parameters of instability wave of supersonic mixing layer(Mc=0.5,M1=3.5/M2=1.4) are measured by flow visualization and calculated by means of two-dimensional direct numerical simulaitons of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations.In both cases of the mixing layer with harmonic disturbance or not,the comparative results indicate that the wavelength of the two-dimensional wave is equal to the vortex spacing in the streamwise direction because the difference between them is less than 1%.However,the measur...     

光电跟踪系统计算机辅助控制实现

建立了基于数值微分的目标运动状态滤波预测模型,用s-函数实现了卡尔曼滤波预测算法。利用目标位置拟合方法给出角位置信息,并以此为观测信息通过卡尔曼滤波预测出当前角位置和角速度信息,将其引入跟踪控制系统中以克服脱靶量滞后问题,同时也实现了系统的等效复合控制。仿真结果表明,基于数值微分的模型适用于角度跟踪,滤波预测具有较好的鲁棒性。通过对两个不同等效正弦输入的验证,可知角位置合成精度对共轴跟踪影响较大,在脱靶量和跟踪架角位置采样匹配对应时,跟踪仿真精度较高,而对等效复合控制跟踪误差影响较小,输入信号角频率增大时误差增大。