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991.
The diffusivity of benzene in a microporous silica powder has been measured by neutron scattering and NMR techniques. The measurements have been performed on un-supported silica but the powder has the same characteristics as the active layer of a real membrane. Self-diffusion coefficients of the order of 10–10 m2s–1 are found at 300 K by both techniques so that the model of Knudsen diffusion is not valid for benzene in this microporous material. Due to the presence of small pores, the diffusion of benzene in the membrane-material approaches the diffusion regime usually observed in zeolites. Furthermore, the diffusivity of benzene follows an Arrhenius law with an activation energy of 11 kJ mol–1. 相似文献
992.
New Halogenozincates M ZnX4 (MI = Li, Na; X = Cl, Br) of Olivine Type The hitherto unknown tetrabromozincates Li2ZnBr4 and Na2ZnBr4 have been prepared. Quaternary halides Li2Zn(Cl, Br)4 and Li2Zn(Br, I)4 have been not obtained due to decomposition to mixtures of LiCl and ZnBr2, and LiBr and ZnI2. The crystal structures of the olivine-type bromides and of the high-temperature polymorph of Li2ZnCl4 have been determined by neutron powder diffraction using the Rietveld method (space group Pnma, Z = 4, a = 1 360.41(4), b = 788.47(2), c = 647.07(2) pm, RI = 9.07% (Li2ZnBr4), a = 1 446.32(5), b = 853.02(3), c = 676.61(2) pm, RI = 9.29% (Na2ZnBr4), a = 1 277.60(3), b = 741.76(2), c = 611.10(1) pm, RI = 7.63% (Li2ZnCl4)). The Raman spectra as well as the results of thermal analyses (DSC) and conductivity measurements (impedance spectroscopy) are presented and discussed. Contrary to Li2ZnCl4, Li2ZnBr4 and Na2ZnBr4 do not undergo any phase transition between 20°C and their melting points. 相似文献
993.
A preconcentration method incorporated with neutron activation analysis was developed for the accurate determination of trace metals in biological and environmental samples. Bismuth diethyldithiocarbamate, thallium diethyldithiocarbarnate, and ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate were used as the preconcentration agents for three groups of metals. Trace metals were enriched and interfering elements such as Na, Br, P. K. etc. were removed simultaneously during the preconcentration process so that the sensitivity for each metal was greatly improved. Optimal conditions for sample digestion, group preconcentration of trace metals and neutron activation analysis of biological and environmental samples were discussed. 相似文献
994.
995.
D. Freitas Siqueira D. W. Schubert V. Erb M. Stamm J. P. Amato 《Colloid and polymer science》1995,273(11):1041-1048
The techniques of neutron reflectometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry are compared as methods to measure the interface width between immiscible polymers. The interface thickness of the incompatible polymer system of polystyrene (PS) and polyn-butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA) is determined by neutron reflectrometry to (6.4±0.2) nm and (8.6±0.2) nm at temperatures of 120 and 156°C, respectively. Some emphasis is put on the measurement of those values also by spectroscopic ellipsometry using the same materials. A special sample geometry is chosen for ellipsometric measurements to compensate for thickness changes of films during annealing, and the dispersions of PS and PnBMA films are determined. With respect to the determination of the interface widths, however, it turns out that in the available wavelength range of 280 to 700 nm spectroscopic ellipsometry is not sensitive enough to measure the thin interface width between PS and PnBMA films. Neutron reflectivity results obtained for PS/PnBMA are discussed with respect to the Flory-Huggins segment interaction parameter calculated within the approximations of meanfield theory. 相似文献
996.
Nitash P. Balsara Timothy J. Rappl Amy A. Lefebvre 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2004,42(10):1793-1809
The kinetics of liquid–liquid phase separation in off-critical polymer blends was studied with time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering. Our objective was to study the nature of the nuclei that formed during the initial stages of the phase transition. The blends were composed of model polyolefins—deuterium-labeled poly(methyl butylene) (PMB) and poly(ethyl butylene) (PEB)—with molecular weights of about 200 kg/mol. A direct examination of the initial clustering of molecules before macroscopic phase separation was possible because of the large size of the polymer chains and concomitant entanglement effects. We discovered that the scattering profiles obtained during nucleation merged at a well-defined critical scattering vector. We propose that this is the signature of the critical nucleus and that the size of the critical nucleus is inversely proportional to the magnitude of the critical scattering vector. The kinetic studies were preceded by a thorough characterization of the equilibrium thermodynamic properties of our PMB/PEB blends. The locations of the binodal and spinodal curves of our system are consistent with predictions based on the Flory–Huggins theory. This combination of thermodynamic and kinetic experiments enabled the quantification of the dependence of the size and structure of the critical nuclei on the quench depth. Our results do not agree with any of the previous theories on nucleation. Some aspects of our results are addressed in recent theoretical work by Wang in which the effects of fluctuations on the classical binodal and spinodal curves in polymer blends are incorporated. Both theory and experiment support the notion that the traditional stability limit (spinodal) should be replaced by a metastability limit. Although Wang's theory provides an explanation for some of our observations, many fundamental issues regarding nucleation in polymer blends remain unresolved. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1793–1809, 2004 相似文献
997.
B?aej Wojtczak Agnieszka B. Olejniczak Zbigniew J. Lesnikowski 《Tetrahedron letters》2005,46(23):3969-3972
The carboranyl cage is a new modifying entity for nucleosides, DNA oligonucleotides, and other biomolecules. Herein, the first reliable method for the synthesis of nucleosides modified with a carborane cluster at the 2′-position is described. 相似文献
998.
Neutron activation analysis is applied to the determination of Ga, Th and U in Bauxite and coal ash; thermal and epithermal irradiations are used. The other analytical methods are also quantitatively surveyed for gallium. The results indicate that epithermal neutron activation is prefered for those trace elements because the former method is more simple and quick. 相似文献
999.
Two compounds of formula La7A3W4O30 (with A=Nb and Ta) were prepared by solid-state reaction at 1450 and 1490 °C. They crystallize in the rhombohedric space group R-3 (No. 148), with the hexagonal parameters: , and , . The structure of the materials was analyzed from X-ray, neutron and electronic diffraction. These oxides are isostructural of the reduced molybdenum compound La7Mo7O30, which are formed of perovskite rod along [111]. An order between (Nb, Ta) and W is observed. 相似文献
1000.
A new Os-containing, pillared perovskite, La5Os3MnO16, has been synthesized by solid state reaction in sealed quartz tubes. This extends the crystal chemistry of these materials which had been known only for Mo and Re, previously. The crystal structure has been characterized by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction and is described in space group C-1 with parameters a=7.9648(9) Å; b=8.062(1) Å; c=10.156(2) Å, α=90.25(1)°, β=95.5(1)°; γ=89.95(2)°, for La5Os3MnO16. The compound is isostructural with the corresponding La5Re3MnO16 phase. A very short Os-Os distance of 2.50(1) Å was found in the dimeric pillaring unit, Os2O10, suggestive of a triple bond as demanded by electron counting. Nearly spin only values for the effective moment for Os5+ () and Mn2+ () were derived from magnetic susceptibility data. Evidence for magnetic transitions was seen near ∼180 and 80 K. Neutron diffraction data indicate that Tc is 170(5) K. The magnetic structure of La5Os3MnO16 at 7 K was solved revealing that Os5+ and Mn2+ form ferrimagnetically coupled layers with antiferromagnetic interlayer ordering. The ordered moments are for Mn2+ and for Os5+, which are reduced from the respective spin only values of 5.0 and . The observation of net ferrimagnetic (antiparallel) intraplanar coupling between Os5+(t2g3) and Mn2+(t2g3eg2) is interesting as it appears to contradict the Goodenough-Kanamori rules for 180° superexchange. 相似文献