Probability inequalities for convex sets and multidimensional concentration functions

This paper derives a sharp bound for the probability that a sum of independent symmetric random vectors lies in a symmetric convex set. In one dimension this bound is an improvement of an inequality first proved by Kolmogorov. The subject of multidimensional concentration functions is also treated.     

Electroluminescence in the phosphor anthracene doped by 9-vinylanthracene

Electroluminescence has been excited in the phosphor anthracene doped by 9-vinylanthracene (10⁻⁴ mole %) at room temperature (300°K). Variation of light output with voltage is governed by the relationB=B ₀ exp [−(C/V ^1/2)] as in the case of inorganic phosphors. HereB ₀ andC are constants andV is the rms value of the voltage applied to the phosphor. Frequency dependence of the electroluminescence has also been studied at different voltages of the applied electric field.     

A novel fused-silica capillary dropping mercury electrode with long drop-time and its application on determination of critical micelle concentration

A novel long drop time mercury electrode has been constructed from common fused-silica capillary (50 μm I.D., 360 μm E.D.). Proposed device provides reproducible mercury drops with typical lifetime 40-120 s. The electrode was used for a set of electrocapillary measurements aimed at determination of critical micelle concentration of anionic surfactants by a convection controlled drop-time technique. A critical micelle concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate 5.6 ± 0.4 mmol L⁻¹ and 4.3 ± 0.4 mmol L⁻¹ were obtained in 1 mmol L⁻¹ and 5 mmol L⁻¹ phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), respectively. The values were comparable to those obtained from conductometric measurements under the same conditions (7.0 ± 0.1 mmol L⁻¹ and 5.2 ± 0.1 mmol L⁻¹, respectively) and the difference was explained in accordance with theory of hemi-micelle formation.     

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱法监测二氧化碳的通量

含碳温室气体浓度增加所加剧的温室效应是气候变化的重要原因,大面积范围内二氧化碳气体通量的测量对于评价各类陆地生态系统对大气中主要温室气体浓度的贡献具有重要的意义。可调谐半导体激光吸收(TDLAS)光谱技术具有高分辨率、高灵敏度以及快速响应等特点,是痕量气体高灵敏快速监测的新方法。文章以可调谐分布反馈半导体激光器作为光源,通过波长调制方法对1.573μm附近二氧化碳气体某一吸收线的二次谐波信号测量,结合激光分束技术,实现对不同高度层面700多米光程范围内二氧化碳气体浓度的快速在线检测。结合大口径闪烁仪测量出来的莫宁-奥布霍夫长度和特征速度,通过公式计算得到一天内二氧化碳气体的通量在-1.5～2.5mg·(m2·s)-1范围内的波动,突破了目前对近地面痕量气体通量的监测只能提供局地结果的状况,使大面积范围内痕量气体通量的测量成为可能。     

Effect of Nd3+ Concentration on the Laser Performance of a New Laser Crystal∶Nd∶NaY(WO4)2

The transmission and emission spectra of a new crystal, Nd∶NaY(WO4)2 (Nd∶NYW) have been measured. Using a Ti∶Sapphire laser as the pump source, the laser performances of Nd:NYW crystals with different concentrations are compared for the first time. The Nd3+ concentrations used are 1, 2, 4 and 5 at.-%. The experiments show that 2 at.-% is the optimum concentration. When the incident pump power is 575 mW, the 1.06 μm output can reach 184 mW, corresponding to an optical to optical efficiency of 32%. The experimental results show that the work is significant to the further research and praction application of this promising laser crystal.     

基于RNN-CNN集成深度学习模型的PM2.5小时浓度预测

针对目前大部分PM_2.5预测模型预测效果不稳定、泛化能力不强的现状,以记忆能力较强的循环神经网络（RNN）和特征表达能力较强的卷积神经网络（CNN）为基础,采取Stacking集成策略对两者进行融合,提出了RNN-CNN集成深度学习预测模型。该模型不仅充分利用时间轴上的前后关联信息去预测未来的浓度,而且在不同层次上将自动提取的高维时序数据通用特征用于预测,以保证预测结果的稳定性。最后,对集成之前的RNN、CNN和集成之后的RNN-CNN模型,以2016年中国大陆地区1 466个监测站点的空气质量数据为样本进行实例验证,结果表明,RNN-CNN在PM_2.5时间序列预测上的表现明显优于集成之前的RNN和CNN,而且泛化误差更低,在34%站点上的拟合度超过0.97,该模型可用于大范围区域的PM_2.5小时浓度预测。     

Experimental investigation of the distribution of the charged particle concentration in the interelectrode gap of a freely burning atmospheric arc

The results of an investigation of the distribution of the charged particle concentration in the interelectrode gap of an arc burning freely in an air atmosphere for currents I = 50–100 A by means of a moving dual electric probe are presented. The methods used enable the probe voltage-current characteristic to be measured in times ～ 100 µs. This makes it possible to estimate the distribution of the charged particle concentration in the interelectrode gap during a single experiment. The charged particle distributions obtained are compared with the distribution of the various glow-level zones [1, 2]. On the basis of this comparison it is shown that the characteristic transverse dimension of the zone in which the current flows in the arc far away from the electrodes is of the order of a centimeter.     

Atomic and electronic structure of single-walled BN nanotubes containing N vacancies as well as C and O substitutes of N atoms

Defective single-walled BN nanotubes of armchair- and zigzag-type chiralities with uniform diameter can be simulated using a total geometry optimization for the 1D-periodic model. For calculations, we have applied the formalism of localized Gaussian-type atomic functions using the Hamiltonian containing hybrid (DFT+HF) non-local exchange-correlation functional B3PW as implemented in CRYSTAL code. Single N vacancy as well as C and O substitutes of N atom cause an appearance of the energy levels inside the BN NT band gap accompanied by relaxation of the nearest atomic spheres closest to the point defect and electronic charge redistribution around it.     

Metabolism of the colonic mucosa in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: an in vitro proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

Metabolism of the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC; n=31) and Crohn's disease (CD; n=26) and normal mucosa (control, n=26) was investigated using in vitro high-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Of the 31 UC patients, 20 were in the active phase and 11 were in the remission phase of the disease. Out of 26 CD patients, 20 were in the active phase, while 6 were in the remission phase of the disease. Twenty-nine metabolites were assigned unambiguously in the perchloric acid extract of colonic mucosa. In the active phase of UC and CD, significantly lower (Pconcentration of amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, alanine, glutamate and glutamine), membrane components (choline, glycerophosphorylcholine and myo-inositol), lactate and succinate were observed compared to normal mucosa of controls. Patients in the active phase of UC and CD also showed increased level of alpha-glucose compared to normal mucosa. Altered level of metabolites indicates decreased protein and carbohydrate metabolism, thereby decreased energy status and deterioration of mucosa integrity during chronic inflammation. In the remission phase of UC and CD, the concentration of most of the metabolites was similar to controls except for lower values of lactate, glycerophosphorylcholine and myo-inositol in UC and Lac in CD. Formate was significantly lower in patients with the active phase of UC compared to patients with the active phase of CD, suggesting the potential of in vitro MRS in the differentiation of these two diseases.