集中静荷载初始效应对固支梁固有频率的影响

研究了集中静荷载初始效应对于固支梁固有频率的影响,利用能量守恒方程和变分原理,得到了存在初始挠度时梁的振动控制方程。在此基础上,分析得到了存在初始挠度时梁固有频率的解析解,以及存在初始集中静荷载时固支梁的固有频率和固有振型的变化规律,分析比较了高跨比、梁上集中静荷载大小等因素对于固有频率的影响,并开展了相应的室内试验。结果表明:对于同一固支梁,固有频率随梁上静荷载的增大呈线性增大趋势;对于两端固支的3mm梁,初始挠度对固有频率的影响可达到17.3%;随着梁高跨比的减小,初始挠度对固有频率的影响逐渐增大。因此,实际的桥梁结构设计中,应充分考虑初始挠度对固有频率的影响。     

基于约束加权最小二乘的多目标等效静力风荷载方法在大跨屋盖中的应用

为计算大跨屋盖多目标等效静力风荷载,采用约束加权最小二乘方法,设基本向量为完全三分量单目标等效静力风荷载,推导了一种完全三分量多目标等效静力风荷载方法。以一个开孔屋盖为例,进行了刚性模型测压风洞试验,研究了该屋盖的单目标和多目标等效静力风荷载。结果表明:单目标和多目标等效静力风荷载的分布形状相似,多目标等效结果大于单目标等效结果;采用单目标等效静力风荷载方法,精确等效节点的等效位移与实际位移完全相等,但其它等效节点的等效位移明显偏离实际位移,最大误差可达72.1%;而完全三分量多目标等效静力风荷载方法下的其它等效节点的等效位移与实际位移相差较小,最大误差仅为6.1%,适合大跨屋盖等效静力风荷载的多目标等效。     

基于光学相关器的光学稳像器研究

为了突破传统电子稳像和机械稳像技术在处理速度、精度等方面的局限性,提出基于光学相关器的稳像技术,旨在实现对高速视频的实时高精度光学稳像。系统使用光学联合相关变换的方法,提取视频前后两帧变换后的相关峰,给出两帧的位移差值,通过改进后的补偿算法进行实时稳像。基于光学相关器的光学稳像器能够实现平移和旋转稳像,通过仿真和实验分析,平移稳像的精度可以达到0.1个像元（改进补偿算法后可达0.04个像元）,旋转稳像的精度可达0.1。     

高分子材料的应力诱导反应

本文是作者所在科学研究群体借助超声波、高速搅拌、微波和研磨应力诱导反应制备一些难以用一般方法合成的嵌段／接枝共聚物和高分子纳米材料,探索高分子材料高性能化高效途径等方面研究工作简介。     

A NOVEL METHOD FOR EXACT SOLUTIONS OF ELLIPTICAL CRACKS IN PIEZOELECTRICS

According to the constitutive relationship in linear piezoceramics, elliptical crack problems in the impermeable case are reconsidered with the hypersingular integral equation method. Unknown displacement and electric potential jumps in the integral equations are approximated with a product of the fundamental density function and polynomials, in which the fundamental density function reflects the singular behavior of electroelastic fields near the crack front and the polynomials can be reduced to a real constant under uniform loading. Ellipsoidal coordinates are cleverly introduced to solve the unknown displacement and electric potential jumps in the integral equations under uniform loading. With the help of these solutions and definitions of electroelastic field intensity factors, exact expressions for mode Ⅰ, mode Ⅱ and mode Ⅲ stress intensity factors as well as the mode Ⅳ electric displacement intensity factor are obtained. The present results under uniform normal loading are the same as the available exact solutions, but those under uniform shear loading have not been found in the literature as yet.     

旋转弹丸入水侵彻规律

为了建立高速弹体入水弹道的模型,利用数字式高速录像机实验研究了球形与普通手枪两种弹丸在三个入水角、六种发射速度下斜入水的水中弹道轨迹与空泡。实验结果表明,弹丸形状对入水弹道的稳定性有重要影响。球形弹丸在斜入水时弹道稳定性较好,而普通制式弹丸的弹道不稳定。在一定的入水角与速度范围内,球形弹丸入水初期弹道的空泡特性、弹道轨迹以及速度衰减规律具有一定的相似性。而对于水中速度随时间的衰减规律,则两种弹丸都具有一定的相似性,且表现出极强的速度衰减特性。给出了弹丸水中速度衰减规律的数学预报模型,并与实验结果进行了比较,理论结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

光调制技术测量半导体激光器固有高频响应

采用一种新的全光纤连接的半导体激光器光调制技术,实现了对高速半导体激光器同有响应的直接测量。利用速率方程能够对光调制的动态响应过程进行准确的描述。基于对抽运源和探测器的频率响应对光调制数据准确性影响的分析．通过将网络分析仪校正到同轴端．然后用直接扣除法和相互扣除法,在网络分析仪外部对测量数据进行了修正。两种修正方法得到了一致的结果．并且同已有的理论和实验结果相符合。改进后的光调制技术和两种修正数据的方法不但提高了数据的精确性,而且扩展了测量的频率范围。     

CCD摄像机替代高速摄影机应用研究

比较、分析了CCD技术和摄影技术在靶场中的应用与发展现状,论述了CCD替代高速摄影机的实施方案。通过结果分析,CCD成像质量和作用距离均优于胶片,测量精度与摄影相当。试验表明该技术可行,在靶场将有着广泛的应用前景。     

Aeroelastic modeling of wind loading on a cable-net supported glass wall

Wind loading study on a cable-net supported glass wall is conducted by means of wind tunnel tests. An equiva- lent aeroelastic model is designed and constructed. Response of displacements of the wall is measured and analyzed. In order to design a glass wall under wind loading, the ＂wind- vibration factor＂ is estimated and discussed. In fact, the mech- anism of wind acting on the wall is commonly known not only as positive pressure, but also as negative pressure caused by the flow separation on the corners of the building. Due to the diffidence in the mechanism of wind acting, two typi- cal response cases are classified. The results show that the dynamic response of the structure caused by the negative pressure is stronger than that of the positive pressure case. To determine the aerodynamic wind loading on a flexible part of structure on a building, wind tunnel study may be useful and play an important role.