高径比对砂岩单轴压缩声发射特性的影响研究

岩石尺寸效应对声发射特性的影响对于利用声发射技术监测岩石失稳破坏具有重要的实践意义。本文选择不同高径比的长石细砂岩试样开展单轴压缩声发射试验,探讨尺寸效应对岩石声发射事件数、振铃计数、峰值频率等声发射特性参数的影响。研究结果表明:根据岩石试件撞击数的增长速率,将试件破坏阶段分为突变期、平静期、爆发期三个阶段,随着岩石试件高径比增加,声发射的撞击数相应增加,增加趋势与试件高径比的增加呈近似线性相关关系;随着岩石试件高径比的减小,振铃计数突变期时间占比相应减小,平静期振铃计数也相应减小;岩石试件的加载破坏的峰值频率主要呈现高频和低频两个集中分布区,随着高径比减小,岩石试件加载破坏的峰值频率逐渐由低频区向高频区过渡,同时峰值频率的离散性也在增加。试验成果丰富了岩石声发射特性的基础数据,并可为实际工程中声发射技术的实践应用提供参考。     

箱型结构内部爆炸破坏研究进展

结构内部爆炸破坏机理和规律是常规武器毁伤效能预测与评估、建筑物和舰船抗爆防护设计的重要支撑。基于结构内爆炸载荷、内部爆炸作用下结构塑性响应、内部爆炸作用下箱壁结构破坏模式、内部爆炸作用下多箱型结构破坏模式和分布四个方面详细论述了箱型结构内部爆炸破坏的研究现状及存在的问题,并对内部爆炸后续研究给出了建议。建议研究并建立更加复杂的结构内部爆炸载荷和破坏效应描述模型、内部爆炸作用下箱壁的动力响应机理、多箱型结构与内部爆炸波产生的耦合效应、内部爆炸作用下结构的破坏模式和破坏范围的快速准确预测方法等。     

线性无量纲化方法对比及反向指标正向化方法

线性无量纲化方法的对比及反向指标的正向化方法都是综合评价的重要研究内容。从指标差异信息的角度,以TOPSIS、基于街区距离的TOPSIS和线性加权综合法为例,基于理论推导和实证分析对比了常用的线性无量纲化方法,并提出了两种反向指标正向化方法。研究发现,对于线性加权综合法和TOPSIS,不同线性无量纲化方法下同一指标归一化极差的不同是导致排序结果存在差异的关键因素;本文提出的反向指标正向化方法,不仅可以保证正向化前后TOPSIS、基于街区距离的TOPSIS的评价值不变,也可以实现反向指标正向化后线性加权综合法与基于街区距离的TOPSIS在排序目的上的等效性。最后,本文提出了线性无量纲化方法和反向指标正向化方法的应用建议。     

冰激结构频率锁定振动的发生机理及简单分析方法

冰激结构频率锁定振动是冰区海洋工程结构的危险工况.对频率锁定振动过程的传统机理解释没有体现这一过程的全部物理特征,导致现有的分析方法无法准确分析这一问题.本文基于对现场测量结果的分析,提出了一种海冰韧性损伤-破碎过程与结构振动耦合导致频率锁定振动的机理.该机理认为,海冰在直立结构频率锁定振动过程中发生韧性损伤-破碎行为,海冰的韧性损伤-破碎与结构运动相位耦合,导致了频率锁定振动. 海冰对结构作用产生的载荷为锯齿形,作用过程可以分为加载和卸载两个阶段,其中加载阶段时间长度约为卸载阶段3倍以上.在加载阶段,结构从平衡位置先与海冰运动方向相反振动到反向最大振幅位置后回摆,然后与海冰同向运动到正向最大振幅位置,这段过程中海冰与结构接触部位内部产生裂纹并扩展但未发生主要的破碎,在此阶段海冰发生韧性损伤;在卸载阶段,结构从最大振幅位置向平衡位置回摆,结构与海冰运动方向相反,这一过程中应变速率的突然增大导致裂纹加速扩展并失稳开裂,此时带有韧性损伤的海冰发生破碎.基于这一新的机理解释,本文提出了一种冰激结构频率锁定振动幅值的简单分析方法.该方法认为海冰破碎长度是频率锁定振动的关键参数. 理想状态下,海冰破碎长度约为结构水线处振动幅值的2.2倍.当冰速接近海冰破碎长度与结构自振周期的比值时,结构会发生频率锁定振动.该方法对评估海洋工程结构频率锁定振动的发生概率及疲劳损伤具有指导意义.      

Highly birefringent octagonal photonic crystal fibers with two zero-dispersion wavelengths

A new highly birefringent octagonal photonic crystal fiber(Hi-Bi OPCF) with a rectangular array of four elliptical airholes in the fiber core region is proposed and analyzed using the full-vector finite element method with anisotropic perfect match layer absorbing boundaries.Numerical results show that the phase birefringence of the photonic crystal fiber(PCF) reaches 3.43×10-2 at the wavelength of 1 550 nm.Moreover,two zero-dispersion wavelengths are achieved in the visible and near infrared wavelength regions for one polarization state but not in the other.     

Instantaneous frequency measurement based on transversal microwave filters with high resolution

We propose a novel photonic technique for microwave frequency measurement based on transversal microwave filters with high resolution. Two parallel microwave filters with sine and cosine frequency responses are obtained by cross gain modulation in a single semiconductor optical amplifier, which introduces two different frequency responses to achieve an amplitude comparison function. We also demonstrate a proof- of-concept experiment. The measurement error is less than ±0.04 GHz for the first band range of 0–3.45 GHz and less than ±0.03 GHz for the second band range of 3.45–5.8 GHz. Our scheme is found to be capable of being extended for larger frequency range measurements using a shorter fiber length.     

Sensing system with Michelson-type fiber optical interferometer based on single FBG reflector

A sensing system,with Michelson-type fiber optical interferometer based on single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as the reflector,is demonstrated.The system used a frequency-matched ring fiber optical laser as the source.The closed Michelson-type fiber optical interferometer system will be helpful in simplifying the developed interferometric sensor by replacing the double reflectors with only one FBG reflecting the doubleside light.The basic sensing properties of the system are demonstrated,with a fiber optic piezoelectric ceramic transducer embedded in the arm of the interferometer simulating the sensing signal.     

Frequency-narrowed external-cavity broad-area-diode for rubidium laser pumping

Using an external cavity with holographic grating, we demonstrate the spectral narrowing of a high power broad-area-diode with a single emitter. The spectral bandwidth of less than 15 GHz is obtained with output power exceeding 10 W and external cavity efficiency exceeding 60%. Absorption of 98% of the laser radiation by a 25-mm rubidium vapor cell filled with 600-torr ethane at a temperature of 368 K is acquired, which demonstrates the availability of this pump source for efficient rubidium laser pumping.     

Experimental generation of frequency-tunable entangled optical beams with continuous variables

Frequency tunable continuous variable (CV) entangled optical beams are experimentally demonstrated from a non-degenerate optical parametric oscillator working above the threshold.The measured correlation variances of amplitude and phase quadratures are 3.2 and 1.5 dB,respectively,below the corresponding shot noise level (SNL) in the tuning range of 580 GHz (2.25 nm).The frequency tuning is realized by simply controlling the temperature of the nonlinear crystal.     

Blue light generation in photonic crystal fibers with 1-μm femtosecond laser pulses

Using 300-fs 1039-nm Yb-doped fiber laser, we experimentally demonstrate blue light generation in a high-△ and high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The zero dispersion wavelength of PCF is 793 nm, detuning 245.8 nm from the pump wavelength. PCF allows a frequency conversion exceeding the octave of pump wavelength. The visible component of the measured output spectrum occurs in the fundamental mode and spans from 391.3 to 492.3 nm. The peak wavelength of 441.8 nm has a frequency detuning of 390 THz from the pump wavelength of 1039 nm.