平流层爆发性增温的一个理论研究

本文利用一个包括对流层和平流层大气的三层地转模式,考虑了具有急流型切变的斜压基本流和经向结构不同的波与波之间的非线性作用,模拟了爆发性增温过程,并讨论了它的动力机制。     

多孔硅的电化学制备

单晶硅在氢氟酸溶液中阳极氧化可制得多孔硅, 多孔硅是一种以新形态存在的硅, 与单晶硅相比, 它表现出独特的物理性质和化学活性。荧光光谱峰的蓝移表明, 在p-型低掺杂衬底硅上形成的多孔硅中存在量子尺寸效应, 新近获得的Raman光谱也证实了这一点。     

粘度法研究外加盐对离子聚合物在水中形态的影响

本文考察外加盐浓度、反离字半径和价数对6, 10Br大分子形态的影响。计算表征分子尺寸的各种参数。表明6, 10Br分子形态的转变是主链上正氮离子的静电斥力和—CH_3之间亲合力协同作用的结果。对大分子卷曲的影响是: I~->Br~->Cl~-。在KI溶液中, 6, 10Br转变为6, 10I而导致沉淀, 估计与I~-的极化率大易变形有关, 也与6, 10Br主链的结构特点有关。多价反离子(SO~(2-)_4, PO~(3-)_4)对大分子形态的影响与Cl~-和Br~-没有明显不同。     

纳米TiO_2膜修饰电极异相电催化还原马来酸

通过电化学合成前驱体和溶胶-凝胶法在Ti表面修饰一层纳米TiO_2膜，SEM， XRD测试表明晶型为锐钛矿型，晶粒平均尺寸为25 nm。采用循环伏安法、循环方波 伏安法和电解合成法研究了纳米TiO_2膜电极在硫酸介质中的氧化还原行为以及对 马来酸（maleic acid）还原的电催化活性。结果表明，纳米TiO_2膜电极在阴极扫 描时有两对可逆氧化还原峰，可逆半波电位E_(1/2)~r分别为-0.53 V和-0.92 V（ sv. SCE，扫描速度0.05 V·s~(-1)），对应于TiO_2/Ti_2O_3和TiO_2/Ti(OH)_3两 个氧化还原电对的可逆电极过程。其中TiO_2/Ti_2O_3电对对马来酸具有异相电催 化还原活性，纳米TiO_2膜中的Ti~(IV)/Ti~(III)氧化还原电对作为媒质间接电还 原马来酸为丁二酸（butane diacid），反应机理为电化学偶联随后化学催化反应 （EC'）机理。     

INTERACTION OF FORCED WAVE, FREE WAVE AND ZONAL FLOW (Ⅰ)——BIFURCATION OF THE EQUILIBRIA——BIFURCATION OF THE EQUILIBRIA

In this paper, two level quasi-geostrophic model is used to set up a simple nonlinear inter-action model including a near resonant forced wave component, a near baroclinically un-stable free wave and a zonal flow component. The dynamic mechanisms of the transition ofhigh and low index and index cycle are discussed. In the first part, the weak nonlinear problem with near baroclinic instability and nearresonant forcing are analysed. The simple periodic solution resulting from bifurcation ofHadley cell to Rossby transient wave and the more complicated solutions resulting from thebifurcation of the wave equilibria to mixed state with both forced stationary wave and tran-sient wave are discussed.     

THE INTERACTION BETWEEN FORCED WAVE,FREE WAVE AND ZONAL FLOW(Ⅱ)——QU ALITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR THE TRANSITION AND oSCILLATION OF HIGH AND LOW INDEXES

In this second part, the so-called "discontinuous vibration analysing" method is used to discuss the qualitative features of the solutions in the system set up in Part I. The system and the phase space are divided into two subsystems and two subspaces, which are corresponding to the slow and fast varying processes respectively. The qualitative vector field and trajectories for solutions are analysed and the mechanisms for the transition and nonuniform oscillation of high and low indexes are discussed.     

微波辐射法合成α-萘甲醚的研究

用微波辐射法合成α－萘甲醚，考察了不同条件对产率的影响，此法反应时间短，产率可达75％。     

MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATION OF SINGLE-CHAIN POLY (METHYL METHACRYLATE) PARTICLES*

Tapping mode atomic force microscope has been applied to observe single-chain PMMAparticles which were stored for six months at room temperature after sprayed from verydilute solutions in good solvents, good/poor mixed solvents, and a theta solvent. Monodis-perse PMMA standards of molecular weights ranging from 7.90×10~4 to 1.3×10~6 wereused to investigate the effect of molecular weight oh the size of the single-chain PMMAparticles. These single-chain particles showed close to spherical shapes. The morphologyof single-chain PMMA particles of a given molecular weight was found to be identical inspite of different solvents used for solution spraying. Molecular weigh dependence of theparticle dimension was also found. The diameters of single-chain PMMA particles aftercorrection of tlp-geometry effect were compared to the values estimated from molecularweight and density.     

海气耦合振荡非线性动力系统的平衡态研究

本文利用一个正压地形强迫准地转方程与表层海温方程联立,在大尺度洋流可用Sverdrup流近似的假设下来封闭方程组。在这样一个海气相互作用系统中,考虑了海温场加热大气及大气环流通过风生流再分布海温场的两个基本过程。在低阶截谱及多尺度方法的简化下,建立一个海气耦合系统。并对耦合系统作相空间分析,解析地求得海气系统中的两类稳定的平衡态。指出由此可以解释一些长期环流异常的特征。