羟丙基甲基纤维素在干法烟草薄片胶粘剂的应用研究

为研究羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)在干法烟草薄片的应用价值,将其与3种常见胶粘剂(瓜尔胶、魔芋胶和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)进行对比,对不同胶粘剂体系的水溶液粘度测试、薄膜傅里叶红外光谱测试,胶粘剂及相应薄片的350℃低温热裂解分析和对应薄片抗张强度测试。结果表明：1wt%含量的HPMC水溶液10 min即可溶解,并可在烟草薄片的加工过程中调节涂布液粘度;HPMC与其他3种胶粘剂复配后存在氢键等物理交联作用,提高了对应胶粘剂制备的干法烟草薄片的纵向抗张强度,均>0.5 kN/m; 1wt%用量HPMC制备干法烟草薄片热裂解产物中有毒和刺激性物质含量低,分别为1.83%和5.31%。本文研究表明HPMC制备的干法烟草薄片综合性能较好,有较好应用价值。     

玉米支链淀粉在单糖、寡糖水溶液中的粘度行为

通过乌氏粘度计和数字流变仪研究了玉米支链淀粉在单糖和寡糖溶液中的特性粘度和表观粘度.发现在稀溶液中,玉米支链淀粉的特性粘度随糖浓度的增加而降低;浓溶液中,玉米支链淀粉的糖溶液的表观粘度随糖浓度的增加而升高.小分子糖对支链淀粉在糖溶液中的特性粘度和表观粘度的影响由强到弱依次为蔗糖>麦芽糖>葡萄糖>半乳糖>果糖.     

丙烯腈-衣康酸共聚物稀溶液的粘度行为

采用乌氏粘度计研究了丙烯腈-衣康酸共聚物稀溶液的粘度行为,探讨了羧基含量对聚丙烯腈稀溶液偏离Huggins方程的异常行为的影响.结果表明:随着羧基含量增加,溶液粘度偏离Huggins方程越严重,要准确测定聚丙烯腈树脂的分子量,必需适当提高其溶液浓度,避开偏离区域.     

4-苯乙炔苯酐封端聚酰亚胺树脂的合成与性能研究

使用3,3′,4,4′-二苯醚四酸二酐(ODPA)、3,3′,4,4′-联苯四酸二酐(BPDA)、1,3-双(4-氨基苯氧基)苯(1,3,4-APB)、3,4′-二氨基二苯醚(3,4′-ODA)和反应性封端剂4-苯乙炔苯酐(4-PEPA)合成了设计分子量为5000的系列苯乙炔基封端的聚酰亚胺低聚物,并使用XRD、DSC、TGA、FT-IR、DMA和流变仪等对低聚物的化学结构、热性能和熔体性能,固化后树脂的热性能和力学性能进行了测试.研究结果表明基于ODPA的低聚物具有低的熔体粘度和良好的熔体粘度稳定性,固化后的树脂具有很高的热失重温度,较高的玻璃化转变温度以及良好的力学性能尤其是高的断裂伸长率(>10%);基于BPDA的低聚物具有一定的结晶性,其结晶熔融温度与苯乙炔基固化交联温度相近,影响了材料的成型工艺性能.     

Sasobit对SBS改性沥青性能的影响研究

为揭示温拌剂Sasobit对SBS改性沥青性能的影响,本文分别进行了不同温拌剂含量沥青的三大指标、布氏粘度、粘温扫描、动态剪切流变和低温弯曲流变等试验。结果表明:Sasobit使SBS沥青软化点降低,虽然其温度敏感性增大,但对针入度和延度影响不大。温拌沥青在105℃以上高温区粘度明显下降,这对施工有利;但随温度的降低,粘度却比原样提高,这对实际使用有利。依据三大指标和粘度试验结果,本文提出SBS沥青的Sasobit最佳掺量为3%。粘温扫描曲线显示,含Sasobit沥青粘度增大,特别是在75℃以下的温度区域,这对夏季抗车辙有利。此外,温拌剂Sasobit使SBS沥青的PG分级的高温等级提高,而对低温等级影响不大。     

Using PVP/SDS Complex as a Probe to Study the Inclusion Complex of β-cyclodextrin with SDS in Aqueous Solution

利用PVP/SDS聚集体作为探针研究了水溶液中β-环糊精与SDS之间的包合作用,结果表明在含有PVP/SDS聚集体溶液的相对粘度对β-环糊精浓度作图中存在着特征浓度c_s,当β-环糊精的浓度低于c_s时,随着β-环糊精浓度的增加,溶液的相对粘度迅速下降;与此相反,当β-环糊精浓度高于c_s时,随着β-环糊精浓度的增加,溶液的相对粘度逐渐增加. 含有PVP/SDS聚集体溶液相对粘度随着β-环糊精浓度增加而迅速下降是由于β-环糊精包合了客体分子SDS,该包合作用将导致SDS分子从高分子链中脱落. β-环糊精和SDS包合比例可以由c_s计算得出,实验结果是1比1. 进一步的实验结果表明,c_s与PVP/SDS聚集体中SDS的含量有关、和PVP的含量无关,但是β-环糊精和SDS的包合比与PVP/SDS聚集体中SDS和PVP的含量皆无关.     

Phase Transition in Acoustic Localization in a Soft Medium Permeated with Air Bubbles

Propagation of an acoustic wave in a soft medium permeated with air bubbles is theoretically investigated by using a self-consistent approach. The soft medium is assumed to be viscoelastic to estimate the effect of acoustic absorption on the acoustic localization in such a medium. The oscillation phases of bubbles are examined by employing a phase diagram method. A collective oscillation of the bubbles is observed once the acoustic localization occurs, which is known as a phenomenon of ＇phase transition ＇, and such a phenomenon persists as we manually increase the viscosity factor of the soft medium. Therefore it is proven that the phenomenon of phase transition may serve as a unique criterion to effectively identify acoustic localization in a bubbly soft medium even in the presence of viscosity, and the directions of the phase vectors help to determine the extent of localization. This is of practical significance for experimental research studying the acoustic localization in such a medium, for which the presence of viscosity generally causes great ambiguity in distinguishing the effects of localization and acoustic absorption.     

Dependence of Nanofluid Viscosity on Particle Size and pH Value

We investigate the viscosity of silicon dioxide nanofluid at different particle sizes and pH values considering nanoparticle aggregation. The experimental and simulation results indicate that nanoparticle size is of crucial importance to the viscosity of the nanofluid due to aggregation. As the nanoparticle size decreases, the viscosity becomes much more dependent on the volume fraction. Moreover, when the nanoparticle diameter is smaller than 2Ohm, the viscosity is closely related to the pH of the nanofluid, and fluctuates with pH values from 5 and 7.     

落球法测液体粘度实验的改进

采用光电计时装置,对落球法测定液体粘度实验作了改进,减少了由手控计时引起的误差,提高了实验的准确度,扩大了测量范围．     

芬顿试剂对田菁胶的氧化降解

考察了芬顿试剂对田菁胶的氧化降解行为. 系统研究了H_2O_2和Fe~(2+)用量、温度和降解时间对田菁胶粘度的影响. 结果表明,H_2O_2和Fe~(2+)合适的体积比为2:1. 在较低的温度(25 ℃)和较短的时间(20 min)内芬顿试剂就能使田菁胶粘度下降90%以上. 另外,pH值的变化对其降解性能影响不大,显示了较好的降解效果.