水下爆炸压力测量中的若干问题

本文简要叙述了水下爆炸时的物理现象及爆炸产生的冲击波测量方法,详细分析了测试系统中各种因素对测量的影响及实测时避免的方法。     

多传感器信息融合技术在水下组合导航系统中的应用

为了提高水下航行器组合导航定位的精度,采用SINS(捷联式惯性导航系统)、DVS(多普勒速度声纳)、TCM2电子磁罗经和GPS浮标组成新型水下航行器组合导航系统,分析了SINS、DVS、TCM2电子磁罗经和GPS浮标的工作原理以及建立了各自输出误差模型,利用联邦Kalman滤波对水下组合导航系统进行信息融合,建立了水下组合导航系统联邦滤波器的观测方程和量测方程,并进行了计算机软件仿真实验。仿真实验表明:使用联邦卡尔曼滤波的水下组合导航信息融合技术导航输出精度满足水下航行器高精度高可靠性的性能指标。采用了SINS,DVS,TCM2,GPS浮标以及联邦卡尔曼滤波的水下组合导航系统可以有效地提高水下航行器组合导航定位的精度和可靠性,从而增长了水下航行器水下作业时间以及提高了水下航行器的水下导航定位性能。     

回转体表面条纹沟槽减阻水洞实验研究

本文在条纹沟槽表面减阻理论分析的基础上,对条纹沟槽表面回转体进行了大量的水洞实验研究。实验模型表面条纹沟槽采用直接加工方法,头部线型为双参数平方根圆头曲线,尾部线型为双参数尖尾曲线。实验结果分析表明,与相同形状、尺寸的光滑表面回转体相比,条纹沟槽表面回转体在一定速度范围内存在很好的减阻效果,最大减阻量超过6%,且在小攻角范围内减阻量基本稳定,对回转体升力特性也没有影响。对比不同尺寸条纹沟槽的减阻效果发现,降阻量不但随条纹沟槽宽度S变化,而且随来流速度U∞变化,即与无因次沟槽宽度S (文中近似取S =S.LRe2Ckx,其中k为总阻力Cx的修正因子)存在着一定的关系。对于V型条纹沟槽具有减阻效果的S 的范围在10到60之间。本文研究证明,条纹沟槽表面减阻技术在水下航行器设计领域有着很好的应用前景,同时文中所取得的研究成果对该技术的应用具有一定的促进作用。     

回转体局部空泡绕流的非线性分析

基于面元法, 通过在回转体和空泡壁面放置源汇,对回转体定长局部空泡的绕流问题进行了分析和讨论,并提出了求解回转体局部空泡绕流“正问题”的方法。计算结果表明：所给出的方法具有快速收敛的特征,第1次迭代和最终收敛时空泡壁面切向速度的误差不超过5％;随着回转体面元总数N的增加,局部空泡的空泡数σ趋于稳定;通过比较可知,该方法得到的理论估算值与实测值的一致性较好。     

利用水下爆炸法评价火炸药爆炸危险性的研究

本文提供了一种测定火炸药冲击感度,并根据测定值判定其冲击爆炸危险性的新方法测定水下爆炸气泡能法。通过对30几种炸药的试用,判定的结果与文献报道的用其他方法判定的结果相当好的一致。而且本法的优点还在于同时可得到试样的动、静态威力,操作简便、安全、噪音小。此外,利用本试验法还探讨了炸药形态、惰性介质(水)对冲击感度的影响。这些对于处理炸药时应如何采取安全对策具有指导意义。     

用曲线大窗口平滑散斑条纹图的方法研究

提出一种计算条纹方向的简单算法,以及通过条纹方向图获得沿条纹方向的曲线窗口并对散斑条纹图进行曲线大窗口滤波的方法．实验表明此方法较好地消除了散斑条纹图的噪声,同时尽量减小了对条纹结构的损害．为从单幅散斑条纹图中应用条纹中心线法或全灰度法进一步提取相位场的后处理,奠定了良好的基础．     

A variational solution of 2-D sound-structure interaction problems

Based on the fluid-structure coupling theory, a localized variational principle for analyzing the sound radiation from elastic structure submerged in water due to harmonic excitations is presented. It will be a powerful tool to formulate various numerical methods for steady response of structural-acoustic systems. By means of this variational principle a hybrid element method, in which an analytical solution valid in most of the surrounding water is incorporated with finite elements distributed in the structure and its neighboring water, is devised. Computational examples are then given to demonstrate its high accuracy and time saving. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10172038) and the Doctoral Program Foundation of Institution of Higher Education of China (20040487013). The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

VIBRATION AND ACOUSTIC RADIATION FROM SUBMERGED STIFFENED SPHERICAL SHELL WITH DECK-TYPE INTERNAL PLATE

Based on the motion differential equations of vibration and acoustic coupling system for thin elastic spherical shell with an elastic plate attached to its internal surface, in which Dirac-δ functions are employed to introduce the moments and forces applied by the attachment on the surface of shell, by means of expanding field quantities as Legendre series, a semi-analytic solution is derived for the vibration and acoustic radiation from a submerged stiffened spherical shell with a deck-type internal plate, which has a satisfactory computational effectiveness and precision for an arbitrary frequency range. It is easy to analyze the effect of the internal plate on the acoustic radiation field by using the formulas obtained by the method proposed. It is concluded that the internal plate can significantly change the mechanical and acoustic characteristics of shell, and give the coupling system a very rich resonance frequency spectrum. Moreover, the method can be used to study the acoustic radiation mechanism in similar structures as the one studied here.     

随机激励的耗散的哈密尔顿系统的平稳解

本文首先为一般的随机激励的耗散的哈密尔顿系统得到精确的平稳解,然后在此基础上为类似而更为一般的系统发展了等效非线性系统法