白云石制备菱面片层纳米氧化镁

以白云石为原料通过二次酸浸、EDTA-氨水络合法制得纳米MgO晶体, 并采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、TEM等手段对其进行了表征. 研究表明, EDTA/PEG分子具有结构导向作用, 使Mg(OH)2分子呈外延辐射状均匀生长. 550-650 ℃煅烧前驱体制得的MgO纳米微片生长均匀, 为立方晶系结构的单晶, 具有类似花瓣状的菱面微片结构, 其厚度约为10-20 nm, 最大面积可达1 μm2左右. 氧化镁晶体沿[100]方向取向生长, 并保留了前驱体的外延辐射状生长特性. 结合热力学及动力学等相关理论研究了氧化镁纳米微片的取向生长机理.     

双悬臂梁光纤Bragg光栅应力传感器

报道了一种新颖的光纤Bragg光栅应力传感器.理论分析和实验证明了这种传感器Brrag光栅中心波长随应力变化的线性工作区.将光纤Bragg光栅贴于双悬梁的梁端面,在双悬梁的自由端部施加载荷,对光纤Bragg光栅的应力响应特性测试.当所加载荷为300 g时,光纤Bragg光栅中心波长变化了0.156 nm.从实验上获得了－0.05 nm/N的应力响应灵敏度.该结构具有应力增敏作用,且应力响应的线性、重复性和迟滞性较好.应力响应灵敏度随着梁的大小以及材料的力学参量的改变而改变.     

无机钙材料在石灰岩文物表面防护中的应用

由于碳酸盐矿物的质地特点,石灰岩文物在露天环境中极易发生表面溶蚀,其上赋存文化信息的文字、纹饰和符号等雕刻痕迹也随之湮灭,对其文物价值造成了严重减损。从耐候性和兼容性角度考虑,无机保护材料显然更适合于石灰岩文物的表面防护处理。近年来,基于草酸钙、磷灰石和碳酸钙等钙基材料的石灰岩文物表面防护研究逐渐兴起并开始走向应用。本文就上述钙基保护材料的特点、防护膜制备和应用实践等做了归纳和评述,以期为石灰岩文物保护研究提供参考和借鉴。     

Sr3Bi（PO4）3：Eu^2＋ Luminescence,Concentration Quenching and Crystallographic Sites

A blue emitting phosphor Sr3Bi（PO4）3：Eu2＋ is synthesized luminescent property is investigated. Sr3Bi（PO4 ）3 ：Eu^2＋ can by a high-temperature solid state method, and its create blue emission under the 332 radiation excitation, and the prominent luminescence in blue （423nm） due to the 4fSd^1→4f^7 transition of the Eu^2＋ ion. The crystallographic sites of the Eu^2＋ ion in Sr3Bi（PO4）3 are analyzed, and the 420 and 440 nm emission peaks of the Eu^2＋ ion are assigned to the nine-coordination and eight-coordination, respectively. The emission intensity of Sr3Bi（PO4）3：Eu^2＋ is influenced by the Eu^2＋ doping content, and the concentration quenching effect is observed. The quenching mechanism is the dipole-dipole interaction, and the critical distance of energy transfer is calculated by the concentration quenching method to be approximately 1.72nm.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and up-conversion luminescence of Ho~(3+)/Yb~(3+)co-doped CaF_2

CaF2：Ho3＋/Yb3＋ nano-particles with intense green up-conversion （UC） luminescence are successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal approach by using NH4F as the fluoride source and Na2EDTA as a chelating reagent. Powder X- ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, and UC emission spectra are used to characterize the structures, shapes, and luminescent properties of the samples. The effects from fluoride sources and chelating reagents on the formations of CaF2 nano-particles are investigated, and the for- mation process is also deduced. Under the excitation of a 980-nm laser diode, the samples each show a green up-conversion emission centered at 540 nm corresponding to the 5S2/5F4-＋518 transitions of Ho3＋. Moreover, the UC mechanisms of Ho3＋/Yb3＋ co-doped CaF2 nano-particles are also discussed.     

FAAS法测定苦杏仁和甜杏仁中的13种金属元素

采用硝酸、高氯酸(V/V=4/1)常压微沸条件下消解苦杏仁和甜杏仁样品,火焰原子吸收法测定苦杏仁和甜杏仁中的金属元素:Mn、Ca、K、Mg、Na、Zn、Cu、Fe、Co、Cd、Ni、Pb、Cr的含量,研究了测定不同元素仪器的最佳工作条件、方法的准确度和精密度.结果表明:苦杏仁中Mn、Ca、K、Mg、Na、Zn、Cu、Fe、Co、Cd、Ni和Pb的含量分别为11.756,1614.167,5153.191,238.478,97.668,274.836,16.844,546.316,9.952,3.474,5.979,2.143μg·g-1Cr未检出,方法回收率(n=9)在97.32%-102.57%之间,RSD(n=9)在0.14%-2.22%之间;甜杏仁中Mn、Ca、K、Mg、Ni、Zn、Cu、Fe、Co、Cd、Ni和Pb的含量分别为6.622,1937.503,8663.824,216.956,257.546,77.961,12.483,372.183,7.990,3.666,2.268,3.214μg·g-1Cr未检出,方法回收率(n=9)在97.23%-102.43%之间,RSD(n=9)在0.47%-2.14%之间.该法快速,简单,准确度和精密度均较高,能达到分析要求.     

Controlling optical properties of periodic gold nanoparticle arrays by changing the substrate, topologic shapes of nanoparticles, and polarization direction of incident light

The effects of various parameters including thickness and dielectric constants of substrates,shapes of nanoparticles,and polarization direction of incident light,on the extinction spectra of periodic gold nanoparticle arrays are investigated by the full-vectorial three-dimensional (3D) finite difference time domain (FDTD) method.The calculated results show that the substrate affects the extinction spectra by coupling the fields co-excited by the substrate and gold nanoparticles.Extinction spectra are influenced by the shapes of the nanoparticles,but there are no obvious changes in extinction spectra for similar shapes.The polarization direction of incident light has a great influence on the extinction spectra.The implications of these results are discussed.     

电化学转换反应及其在二次电池中的应用

电化学转换反应作为一种新的电极反应机制,近年来受到相当多的关注. 转换反应不仅能够利用金属化合物的多价态氧化还原,大幅度提高电化学容量利用率,而且对于主体晶格的结构、嵌脱阳离子的尺寸并无特殊要求,可以应用于众多不同种类的金属化合物,针对不同的金属离子设计高容量正负极活性材料. 因此,基于转换反应构建高容量电极材料正成为二次电池发展的一个新方向. 本文简要分析了电化学转换反应的基本原理和实现条件,并结合作者课题组近年来的研究工作探讨了这类反应在锂离子及钠离子电池中的潜在应用.     

橙红色荧光粉Ca10Li(PO4)7∶Sm3+的合成及其发光特性研究

采用固相法合成了Ca10Li(PO4)7∶xSm3+橙红色荧光粉,研究了材料的发光性质.结果表明,以404 nm近紫外光作为激发源时,Ca10Li(PO4)7∶xSm3+表现为多峰特征,主峰位于569 nm、606 nm、651 nm和713 nm,分别对应Sm3+的4G5/2→6H5/2、4G5/2→6H7/2,4 G5/2 →6H9/2 and 4 G5/2 →6H11/2跃迁发射,且606 nm发射峰最强,材料发射橙红光;监测606 nm发射峰,对应的激发光谱包含363 nm、376 nm、404 nm和478nm多个激发峰;改变Sm3+的掺杂量,发现Ca10 Li(PO4)7∶Sm3+的发射强度表现出先增大、后减小的变化趋势,x=0.05时发射强度最大,即存在浓度猝灭现象,造成浓度猝灭的机理为电多极相互作用,Ca10Li(PO4)7∶Sm3+的色坐标基本不变,位于橙红色区域.Ca10Li(PO4)7∶Sm3+具有较好的温度特性,激活能为0.188 eV.