黄花白及Bletilla ochracea不同生长发育期的菌根真菌多样性变化

采用石蜡切片技术和高通量测序技术,研究黄花白及在萌芽期、生长期、花期、果期和休眠期的菌根真菌多样性差异,旨在明确黄花白及不同生长发育期的菌根真菌多样性特征,为进一步研究黄花白及等兰科植物与菌根真菌的互作机制奠定理论基础和提供依据。结果表明:黄花白及不同生长发育期的菌根真菌共鉴定出452个操作分类单元（OTU）,9门24纲61目111科151属。菌根真菌的总物种数和α多样性指数随着生长发育期的转变而存在显著差异,其中花期的总物种数（270个OTUs）明显高于萌芽期、休眠期、生长期和果期;同时优势菌根真菌种类和丰度存在一定差异;基于门水平,担子菌门Basidiomycota在休眠期、果期和萌芽期的相对丰度明显高于生长期和花期,而子囊菌门Ascomycota在生长期和花期的相对丰度高于萌芽期、果期和休眠期。此外,菌根真菌侵入方式不受生长发育期的影响,均是通过外皮层中的通道细胞进入皮层组织,但菌根真菌侵染率、菌丝团数量和菌丝形态因生长发育期不同而存在一定差异,其中花期的侵染率和菌丝团数量都是最高的。     

Nb含量对烧结NbFeB永磁体磁性能及显微结构的影响

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脉冲电流作用下LY12铝合金的微观结构和合金元素分布

研究了在凝固过程中施加脉冲电流对LY12铝合金微观结构和合金元素分布的影响.实验结果表明,在脉冲电流作用下,LY12合金的微观结构发生了明显变化,聚集在晶界和枝晶网的共晶组织大大减少,网络变得不连续,在晶内和晶界附近存在弥散的近似球状的共晶质点.另外,脉冲电流能有效地改善合金中Cu和Mg的成分偏析,其中对Cu在Al合金中的负偏析现象的改善更为显著,使Cu较均匀地分布于整个试样. 关键词： LY12铝合金 脉冲电流 显微结构 偏析     

铒掺杂富硅热化SiO2／Si发光薄膜的显微结构

利用金属蒸气真空弧(MEVVA)离子源将稀土元素Er离子掺杂到富硅热氧化SiO2/Si薄膜中.卢瑟福背散射(RBS)和X-射线电子能谱仪(XPS)分析表明,Er浓度可达原子百分数(x)～10,即Er的原子体浓度为～1021·     

Exploring the Microstructure of YBCO Nanopowders

High temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-π (YBCO) nanopowders were successfully prepared by a citrate pyrolysis technique. The phase formation and microstructure of the nanopowders were studied. The microstructure analysis shows that the obtained YBCO powders have very fine grains with a size around several tens of nanomaters. The suoerfine morphology reveals that the thermal agglomeration of the particles decreases with decreasing the annealing temperature and shortening the annealing time. In addition, the complete phase formation of YBCO depends upon the annealing temperature and the annealing time as well. So far, these nanopowders have been used to fabricate the melt-textured YBCO bulk materials.     

汝瓷及其仿制品瓷釉的显微结构分析和"汝钧不分"难题的破解

使用扫描电镜（SEM）、紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-VIS）和色差计分析了一些汝官瓷、仿汝瓷和钧瓷残片.在SEM下,汝瓷与钧瓷的显微结构差异较大,而仿汝瓷的显微结构类似于钧瓷;瓷釉中分相或者析晶导致的Rayleigh散射和Mie散射作用都对其釉色存在贡献;三者显微结构上的差异可用来解释它们反射光谱上的差异.UV-VIS可用于解决“汝钧不分”的问题,并为汝瓷的无损科技鉴定提供了可靠的依据.     

Spontaneous Hillock Growth on Indium Film Surface

Uniformly distributed indium hillocks are grown on silicon substrates by dc magnetron sputtering. The morphologies and the microstructures have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and x-ray diffraction （XRD）. From the TEM and SEM images, we find that, at the earlier stage, the grain coalescent process dominates. This coalescent process induces a larger compressive stress. We believe that the drive force for hillock growth comes from this compressive stress. Under this compressive stress, the grain locating in the middle of several grains are extruded from these grains, and then a hillock forms with the increasing deposition time. For low melting point and high diffusion coefficient metal, such as bismuth and indium, this spontaneous-hillock growth mechanism can be used to fabricate well aligned nanostructures.     

The Effect of Ionic Liquids on the CaCO3 Crystal Growth

In this paper, the effect of ionic liquids on the CaCO3 crystal growth has been studied for the first time. The obtained CaCO3 crystals were charactcred by the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron micrographs. The results showed that the control ability of ionic liquids for CaCO3 crystals growth was dependent on the counter anion very much.     

Ni—La2O3复合镀层的氧化行为及机制

通过对金属镍、镍镀层及Ｎｉ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３复合镀层于９００℃、１０００℃时的恒温氧化实验，发现Ｎｉ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３复合镀层的氧化行为明显改善。高分辨电子显微镜（ＨＲＥＭ）的观测研究表明，Ｎｉ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３复合镀层氧化时，纳米尺寸的Ｌａ２Ｏ３颗粒掺入到氧化层中，形成了ＮｉＯ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３复合氧化物层；在氧化层晶界发现了异常原子排列的新现象。由此认为，Ｎｉ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３复合镀层抗高温氧化性能的提高，主要归因于小尺寸     

Microstructure and Corrosion Performance of Oxide Coatings on Aluminium by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in Silicate and Phosphate Electrolytes

Ceramic coatings are fabricated on pure aluminium by plasma electrolytic oxidation （PEO） in three kinds of electrolyte systems [E1： 0.05M NaOH＋0.033M Na2SiO3, E2： 0.025M NaOH＋0.008M （NAPO3）6 and E3： 0.025M NaOH＋0.066M Na2SiO3＋0.008M （NAPO3）6]. The voltage-time responses show that the PEO process of E2 has the highest discharging voltage, which results in the biggest pores and heaviest cracks on the surfaces. X-ray diffraction results show that coatings produced in E1 and E3 are mainly composed of γ-Al2O3 and mullite, while coatings produced in E2 are mainly composed of a-Al2O3. After PEO treatment the corrosion resistance of aluminium is improved significantly and the coatings produced in E3 perform the best corrosion resistance.