普通物理实验研究性教学体系的构建

从教学理念、课程内容、教材、教学组织、考核方式5个方面介绍了普通物理实验课程研究性教学体系的构建.     

垂直磁场对光抽运信号的影响

保持扫场和垂直磁场合成的叠加磁场大小一定,定量研究了地磁场的垂直分量抵消不同时叠加磁场方向变化角度Δθ对光抽运信号幅度的影响.结果表明:光抽运信号幅度随叠加磁场方向变化角度Δθ的增大而增大,当Δθ=180°时,即地磁场的垂直分量完全抵消时,光抽运信号幅度最大,并用量子理论的观点解释了这一规律.     

对大学物理理论课与演示实验及其视频相配合的新模式的探索

物理演示实验在大学物理教学中具有积极的作用．本文提出了大学物理理论课程与演示实验及其视频相配合的新模式并进行了实践,取得了良好的效果．     

β-环糊精包覆作用下的肼二水杨腙聚集诱导发光研究

水杨醛和联肼通过一步反应制得聚集诱导发光分子—肼二水杨腙,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱和纳米粒度分析对β-环糊精(CD)对肼二水杨腙的包覆过程进行了研究。结果显示,β-CD对肼二水杨腙具有明显的包覆作用,紫外吸收光谱显示在不良溶剂水,以及在0.1 mL良溶剂DMF的存在下,β-环糊精(CD)均可包覆肼二水杨腙分子。荧光光谱表明,β-CD包覆作用会直接减缓AIE分子聚集,使荧光强度下降;同时,肼二水杨腙分子与β-CD空腔尺寸更匹配,表现在β-CD包覆肼二水杨腙分子后荧光强度降至59.5%,下降幅度大于α-CD(69.5%)。     

铁电薄膜性能测量实验

利用铁电性能综合测试系统测量了SrBi2Ta2O9薄膜的铁电性能,分析了电压变化对于电滞回线的影响,同时对疲劳行为进行了研究。     

Segregation behavior of magnetic ions in continuous flowing solution under gradient magnetic field

The research of magnetic separation starts from magnetic solid particles to nanoparticles, and in the research progress,particles become smaller gradually with the development of application of magnetic separation technology. Nevertheless,little experimental study of magnetic separation of molecules and ions under continuous flowing conditions has been reported. In this work, we designed a magnetic device and a "layered" flow channel to study the magnetic separation at the ionic level in continuous flowing solution. A segregation model was built to discuss the segregation behavior as well as the factors that may affect the separation. The magnetic force was proved to be the driving force which plays an indispensable role leading to the segregation and separation. The flow velocity has an effect on the segregation behavior of magnetic ions,which determines the separation result. On the other hand, the optimum flow velocity which makes maximum separation is related to the initial concentration of solution.     

Thermoelectric properties of lower concentration K-doped Ca_3Co_4O_9 ceramics

The tuning of electron and phonon by ion doping is an effective method of improving the performances of thermoelectric materials. A series of lower concentration K-doped Ca_(3-x)K_xCo_4O_9(x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) polycrystalline ceramic samples are prepared by combining citrate acid sol-gel method with cold-pressing sintering method. The single-phase compositions and plate-like grain morphologies of all samples are confirmed by x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope. The effects of lower concentration K doping on the thermoelectric properties of the material are evaluated systematically at high temperatures(300–1026 K). Low concentration K doping causes electrical conductivity to increase up to 23% with little effect on the Seebeck coefficient. Simultaneously, the thermal conductivity of K-doped sample is lower than that of the undoped sample, and the total thermal conductivity reaches a minimum value of approximately1.30 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1), which may be suppressed mainly by the phonon thermal conduction confinement. The dimensionless figure-of-merit ZT of Ca_(2.95)K_(0.05)Co_4O_9 is close to 0.22 at 1026 K, representing an improvement of about 36% compared with that of Ca_3Co_4O_9, suggesting that lower concentration K-doped Ca_3Co_4O_9 series materials are promising thermoelectric oxides for high-temperature applications.     

Ka波段TM02模式低磁场相对论返波管初步实验研究

对Ka波段TM₀₂模式低磁场相对论返波管的结构特点、工作原理进行了介绍,详细分析了该器件以TM₀₂模工作的模式选择机制。通过粒子模拟,该器件在1 T引导磁场下获得了功率为493 MW、频率29.3 GHz的微波输出,工作模式及频率与理论设计相一致。随后,基于模拟中的结构参数开展了初步的实验研究,当二极管电压为580 kV、电流为3.56 kA、引导磁场1 T时,获得了功率286 MW、频率29.3 GHz、脉宽约10 ns的微波输出。实验获得的微波频率与数值模拟一致,但是微波功率与数值模拟结果有明显差异,并且微波脉冲后沿有明显的缩短,分析认为在低磁场下后端谐振腔链受到电子轰击是导致该问题的主要原因。     

一种基于离散光谱透过率的红外探测距离模型研究

针对大气透过率是影响红外系统作用距离的重要因素,且随大气环境、波长、距离等因素而复杂变化难以精确描述,研究了大气透过率对红外系统作用距离的影响,提出一种基于离散光谱透过率的红外系统作用距离模型。使用MODTRAN 软件计算出波数间隔为1 cm-1的离散光谱大气透过率,建立大气透过率数据库,计算出波数间隔为1 cm-1的光谱区域内目标的红外辐射功率。应用该模型对实际的战斧巡航导弹进行计算,结果表明该模型具有更高的计算精确度与可行性。     

红外系统作用距离实时计算系统

鉴于复杂大气条件下的红外系统作用距离难以精确、实时地计算,提出一种建立红外系统作用距离实时计算系统的方法。通过将MODTRAN软件与基于光谱等分法建立的红外系统作用距离模型有机地结合起来,实现对于MODTRAN软件自动写入配置及调用计算,简化了大气模型的配置方法,并能够自动读取MODTRAN生成的结果输出文件。对某探测目标在不同海拔高度（1 km~6 km）及不同降雨强度(0 mm/h~4 mm/h)下红外系统作用距离进行计算,结果表明:探测高度的变化对于红外系统作用距离有比较明显的影响,其中在1 km~3 km探测高度范围内,探测距离变化尤为明显。降雨对于红外系统作用距离影响巨大。降雨强度为1 mm/h时,红外系统作用距离衰减为无降雨时的50%。当降雨强度大于3 mm/h时,作用距离趋于稳定。