超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪肉和猪肾中残留的10种镇静剂类药物

建立了猪肉和猪肾中安眠酮、氯丙嗪、异丙嗪、地西泮、硝西泮、奥沙西泮、替马西泮、咪达唑仑、三唑仑和唑吡旦10种镇静剂类药物残留检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品经酶解后,调节pH值呈碱性,分别用乙酸乙酯和叔丁基甲醚进行萃取,高速冷冻离心去除脂肪等杂质。提取液经Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液法进行定量。结果表明: 10种镇静剂在2～100 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.998; 10种镇静剂的检出限(S/N＞3)为0.5 μg/kg,定量限(S/N＞10)为1 μg/kg。3个添加水平的回收率为64.5%～111.4%,批内、批间相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于15%。该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高、定性准确等特点。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测动物肝肾组织中3种雌激素

建立了动物肝、肾组织中雌酮、17β-雌二醇、雌三醇药物残留检测的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品以叔丁基甲醚提取,于45 ℃下氮吹至干,用正己烷-二氯甲烷(6:4, v/v)重新溶解,过硅胶固相萃取小柱净化,氮吹至干,用1 mL乙腈-水(7:3, v/v)定容后测定,用Poroshell 120 EC-C18柱分离,以乙腈和水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾负离子模式电离,多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。该方法对3种雌激素的线性范围均为1.0～20.0 μg/kg,相关系数大于0.99,定量限为1.0 μg/kg。在不同基质中,1.0、2.0、10.0 μg/kg 3个添加水平的平均回收率范围为70.2%～114%,相对标准偏差范围为2.01%～14.5%。该方法具有快速简便、净化效果好、灵敏度高等特点,适用于动物肝、肾组织中雌激素的检测。     

Determination of Calcium,Magnesium and Phosphorus in Small Amounts of Rat Tissues by Direct Current Plasma-(DCP)-Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Abstract

A procedure is described for simultaneous determination of Ca, Mg and P in small amounts (a few mg) of tissues by use of Direct Current Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. The samples were analyzed by using matrix matched standards. The necessity to use high-purity acids for decomposition of samples is demonstrated. The method was tested on four different reference samples.

The accuracies for the elements were satisfactory (93–103%). The within-run and between-run precisions were 0.9–6.8 and 0.9–8.6%, respectively.

The method may be used for determination of other elements.     

Effects of polar cortical cytoskeleton and unbalanced cortical surface tension on intercellular bridge thinning during cytokinesis

To probe the contributions of polar cortical cytoskeleton and the surface tension of daughter cells to intercellular bridge thinning dynamics during cytokinesis,we applied cytochalasin D(CD) or colchicine(COLC) in a highly localized manner to polar regions of dividing normal rat kidney(NRK) cells.We observed cellular morphological changes and analyzed the intercellular bridge thinning trajectories of dividing cells with different polar cortical characteristics.Global blebbistatin(BS) application was used to obtain cells losing active contractile force groups.Our results show that locally released CD or colchicine at the polar region caused inhibition of cytokinesis before ingression.Similar treatment at phases after ingression allowed completion of cytokinesis but dramatically influenced the trajectories of intercellular bridge thinning.Disturbing single polar cortical actin induced transformation of the intercellular bridge thinning process,and polar cortical tension controlled deformation time of intercellular bridges.Our study provides a feasible framework to induce and analyze the effects of local changes in mechanical properties of cellular components on single cellular cytokinesis.     

Production of Ammonia From Hippurate in the Kidney of Different Species Including Man. an in vitro Study with 15N-Hippurate

Hippurate, synthetized from benzoate and glycine in the liver and in the kidney of several species modulates the activity of renal γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase. By this mechanism hippurate interferes with renal intra-luminal ammonia production. Besides, in the rat hippurate serves as a minor substrate for renal ammoniagenesis as well. Hippurate may yield ammonia from its glycine moiety either after cleavage by hippuricase, or after condensation with an aldehyde according to Erlenmeyer's reaction. This reaction results in producing equimolar amounts of ammonia, benzoate and an α-keto acid, thus in a net gain of an acid equivalent. -In order to evaluate variability and extent of renal ammonia production from hippurate in different species, experiments were carried out on isolated tubular segments of the rat and on cortical kidney slices of rat, cow, man and cat. The incubation medium was enriched with J0mmol/1 hippurate spiked with 5% of ¹⁵N-hippurate, some of the known inhibitors of hippuricase and γGT as well as glyceraldehyde or propional-dehyde. Factors known to affect hippuricase or γGT did not interfere with renal ammonia production from hippurate, but glyceraldehyde and propionaldehyde (up to 1mmol/1) had a stimulating effect. Renal ammoniagenesis from hippurate as well as production of benzoate was lowest in the cow (～ 0.1%), amounted to 1–2% in rat and man and reached high values in the cat (up to 15% of the total ammonia production). These results indicate that hippurate could have physiological significance in the renal metabolism of some species.     

双倍剂量生血宁片治疗慢性肾脏病3～4期肾性贫血的疗效观察

目的分析在慢性肾脏病3~4期肾性贫血患者治疗中,双倍剂量生血宁片的临床应用疗效。方法选取江西省九江市中医院于2014年2月至2015年2月收治的62例慢性肾脏病3~4期肾性贫血患者为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组与观察组,对照组患者服用常规剂量的生血宁片接受治疗,观察组患者则在对照组患者基础上服用双倍剂量生血宁片,对比两组患者的临床治疗效果及Hb、SF、TAST等指标情况。结果观察组患者的临床治疗效果明显好于对照组,主要生理指标改善情况也比对照组患者更为明显,两组患者数据经对比后差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在慢性肾脏病3~4期肾性贫血患者的治疗中,双倍剂量生血宁片的应用效果较好,值得推广应用。     

聚苯乙烯磺酸钙防治慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者服用RAAS-I致高钾血症的效果

目的 探讨因服用肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统抑制剂(RAAS-I)致高钾血症的慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者应用聚苯乙烯磺酸钙进行防治的临床效果.方法 选取惠州市第三人民医院诊治的CKD患者80例作为研究对象,所有患者均服用RAAS-I 4周以上.将其随机分为观察组和对照组.对照组给予常规治疗,观察组给予聚苯乙烯磺酸钙联合治疗.统计观察组患者治疗前以及治疗2个月后24 h尿蛋白、血肌酐以及血钾变化,并对两组患者不同时段血钾水平进行统计分析.结果 治疗后观察组24 h尿蛋白水平明显高于治疗前(P<0.05),血钾水平明显低于治疗前(P<0.05);观察组治疗1、3以及6个月时血钾水平均低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 聚苯乙烯磺酸钙治疗CKD患者服用RAAS-I所致的高钾血症效果显著,血钾水平控制良好.     

几种螯合剂解镍致小鼠急性肾毒性作用比较

为寻找镍(Ni)新型解毒剂，小鼠腹腔注射氯化镍溶液(5 mg Ni/kg)，观察二乙氨基二硫代甲酸钠(DDTC)，二羟乙氨基二硫代甲酸钠(DHED)，N-苯甲基-D-葡糖氨基二硫代甲酸钠(BGD)，meso-2，3-二巯基丁二酸钠(DMSA)及环己烷二胺四乙酸钠(CDTA)等螯合剂对镍致小鼠肾脏毒性的解毒作用。镍染毒引起小鼠肾脏脂质过氧化(LPO)和钙、铁及锌浓度增加，血清肌酐及血液尿素氮(BUN)升高。镍染毒30分钟和24小时后进行各螯合剂治疗(剂量均为400 μmol/kg     

补肾调肝方对特发性少弱精症患者精液锌影响的临床观察

临床观察了60例特发性少弱精症患者使用补肾调肝方治疗后精液质量、精液微量元素锌的改变。60例患者精液密度、精液活力在治疗前后分别为(59.40±54.95)×10~6/mL、(85.48±75.58)×10~6/mL(P<0.05);(38.78±28.11)％、(47.10±28.74)％(P<0.05)。治疗前后精液锌含量分别为(1.79±1.20)mmol·L~(-1)、(1.96±1.07)mmol·L~(-1)。经计算,t值等于2.397,大于t_(0.05)(60),即P<0.05,治疗前后锌元素的差异有显著性意义。     

Conversion of arsenite and arsenate to methylarsenic and dimethylarsenic compounds by homogenates prepared from livers and kidneys of rats and mice

Pooled livers and pooled kidneys from rats or mice were homogenized and spiked with arsenite or arsenate in the concentration range 1.3–20 μmol dm^?3. Methylarsenic and dimethylarsenic compounds were determined by the hydride generation technique in the homogenates after a 90 min incubation at 37°C. The rat homogenates methylated arsenite and arsenate more efficiently than the mouse homogenates. Monomethylated arsenic was present in larger amounts than dimethylated arsenic in the rat homogenates. In the absence of reduced glutathione (GSH), no methylation occurred. Addition of GSH promoted monomethylation and dimethylation, whereas dithiothreitol and mercaptoethanol (10 mmol dm^?3) fostered only monomethylation. The amounts of monomethylated arsenic in the rat liver homogenates increased with increasing arsenite concentration (1.3–20 μmol dm^?3) however, the percentage of arsenic that had been methylated decreased. A similar trend, but with much less monomethylarsenic formed, was observed for arsenate-spiked homogenates. Rat kidney homogenates methylated arsenite and arsenate to a much smaller extent than rat liver homogenates. The K_m values for the monomethylation in rat liver homogenates were found to be 5.3 μmol dm^?3 for arsenite and 59 μmol dm^?3 for arsenate.