气枪喷嘴高速射流的除水效率研究

为揭示喷嘴除水的机理并进而对气枪喷嘴进行改进和优化设计,本文提出了利用图像分析处理对小尺度气枪喷嘴高速冲击乘风破浪的除水效率的研究方法。该方法将有效除水面积作为衡量喷嘴除水效率的标准,从面实现了对喷嘴整体除水效率的定量测量,并利用该方法对影响气枪喷嘴除水效率的各种因素（一次侧压力,喷嘴到平板的距离和射流攻角）进行了研究,并将实验结果与用热线风速仪及总压探头测量的结果进行了比较,得到冲击射流在平板水平速度分量是蚊蝇 嘴除尘除水效率的决定性因素等结论。     

空心旋转液体射流初始阶段特性的实验研究

以空心旋转射流的理论模型为基础［１］,通过实验对旋流喷嘴射流特性做进一步深入的研究,特别是实际射流形状的变化规律及喷嘴初始参数的变化规律．结果表明,旋流喷嘴的初始参数和空心射流内外表面压力差是决定射流形状的主要因素。     

熔喷双槽形喷嘴气体射流流场初探

在熔喷非织造布加工中,气体射流作为工作介质使聚合物熔体实现拉伸,气体射流流场的研究对熔喷气流拉抻数学模型研究非常重要。熔喷双槽形喷嘴形成的流场可以看作两股平面射流的合成。从单个点涡的性质出发,研究了涡偶的性质和涡偶代替射流的可行性。研究表明,在喷丝孔轴线附近,涡偶和射流的速度分布趋势相同,且有比较相近的速度分布,从而说明以涡偶代替射流是可行的。在此基础上,用两个涡偶分别代替两股射流,然后进行合成,推导出两股射流合成后速度分布的理论公式,该公式的计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。将该公式引入熔喷气流拉伸数学模型,预测出的纤维直径与采用经验公式时的预测结果几乎完全相同。结果表明,应用涡偶代替射流推导出的气流速度分布公式能够较好地描述熔喷双槽形喷嘴气体射流流场,可以用于完善熔喷气流拉伸数学模型。     

旋流喷嘴中空旋转射流近区域流动的研究

从理论上分析了旋流喷嘴喷出的中空射流近区域的液膜的运动,在只考虑液膜表面张力的作用下,应用质量守恒和动量定理,建立了描述液膜运动的非线性常微分（积分）方程组,该方程组可以用数值方法方便地求解,结果表明,液体离开旋流喷嘴后在自由空间形成的液膜呈葫芦形状,其速度和液膜厚度等都周期性地变化。本结果是在液厝受拓动失称碎成液滴前的最基本运动状态,可以在射流的近区域内实验观察到,也是进一步从理论液膜破碎雾化过     

气固两相对撞流颗粒运动特性分析

本文采用PIV两相同时测量方法,对低载荷气固两相双喷嘴对置撞击射流中的颗粒运动特性进行了研究。实验中轴向射流出口雷诺数为Re=14500,喷嘴内径为d=10 mm,喷嘴间距为L/d=12;颗粒相采用平均直径为dp=100μm的实心玻璃微珠,圆管加速段中的颗粒质量载荷控制为1%~4%。研究结果表明,低载荷下撞击射流中的颗粒间碰撞可忽略,颗粒浓度在喷嘴附近达到峰值;惯性使得颗粒轴向速度在穿入到反向射流前缓慢衰减,之后迅速减小;颗粒在撞击区形成高湍动区域,进而强化了颗粒相的混合效应。     

New method for measuring diesel nozzle orif ice inlet structures based on synchrotron X-ray tomography

Spray behavior is regarded as one of the main factors influencing engine performances, fuel consumption and emissions for diesel engines. Under high injection pressure, diesel spray behaviors are extremely sensitive to the nozzle internal geometries, especially the geometric structures of orifice entrance. Based on the synchrotron radiation X-ray tomography technique, the 3D digital models of nozzle tips can be constructed. A new automatic method is presented to reveal the inlet structures according to these nozzle orifice models. The planes passing through the orifice axis are determined and used to cut the models, and then the corresponding cutting images are applied to measure the inlet chamfer radii around the orifice axis automatically. The orifices of a single-hole nozzle and an eight-hole nozzle are measured according to this method. The results show that this method can automatically measure the orifice inlet chamfer radii around the orifice axis with high precision. The obtained inlet chamfer radius shows the whole profile of the orifice entrance, which is a precise feedback for nozzle designing and manufacturing, and it also provides precise geometrical boundary conditions for the study of spray behaviors.     

热氧喷嘴水煤浆扩散火焰辐射光谱特性研究

火焰的辐射光谱可为燃烧诊断提供诸多信息,因此目前对简单的气态火焰自由基辐射特性已进行了大量研究,而关于非均相火焰的辐射光谱特性研究则相对较少。采用改进的热氧喷嘴技术在敞开空间下直接点燃水煤浆,并利用光纤光谱仪和紫外成像系统,着重对甲烷和水煤浆火焰的辐射光谱及OH*的二维分布特性进行研究。结果表明：与甲烷火焰的光谱辐射相比,水煤浆火焰不仅存在OH*,CH*和C₂*特征辐射,还产生了Na*,Li*,K*和H*的发射谱线,并出现了连续的黑体辐射,这些光谱辐射特征可作为水煤浆气化或燃烧的标志,也可作为水煤浆是否点燃的判据;通入水煤浆后,OH*强度明显下降,而CH*和C₂*强度增大。对比甲烷火焰OH*二维分布,水煤浆火焰OH*峰值强度明显下降,化学反应区域面积显著减小;沿着火焰传播方向,甲烷和水煤浆火焰轴向的OH*强度均呈先增大后减小的趋势;甲烷火焰径向的OH*在反应核心区出现了双峰形态分布,而水煤浆火焰OH*径向始终呈单峰分布。随着氧碳当量比增大,水煤浆火焰OH*的存在范围扩大,说明氧气的增加促进了OH*的产生;随水煤浆流量提高,OH*的反应核心区域缩小,峰值强度明显下降,CH*,C₂*,Na*,Li*,K*和H*的强度显著增强,连续的黑体辐射强度也明显增大,这些辐射光谱的变化可用于表征操作负荷的变化。     

自激脉冲射流喷嘴参数对装置能耗影响分析

为揭示喷嘴各参数变化对低压大流量自激振荡脉冲射流装置能耗的影响,本文借助数值模拟的方式,对自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴的能耗问题进行了探讨,根据各结构参数和运行参数变化对腔内速度矢量场、腔内空化区形状即压力场、以及脉冲射流频率影响的分析结果,得到了如下论断:在合适的工况下,上喷嘴入口速度的降低将同比例降低下喷嘴出口的能量输出,上喷嘴压力提高与下喷嘴射流动能的增加成三倍关系.经过与试验结果对照,验证了这一结论,这一结果对于优化设计自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴,指导自激喷嘴工业化设计具有重要的价值.     

Air flow exploration of abrasive feed tube

An abrasive water-jet cutting process is one in which water pressure is raised to a very high pressure and forced through a very small orifice to form a very thin high speed jet beam. This thin jet beam is then directed through a chamber and then fed into a secondary nozzle, or mixing tube. During this process, a vacuum is generated in the cham- ber, and garnet abrasives and air are pulled into the chamber, through an abrasive feed tube, and mixes with this high speed stream of water. Because of the restrictions introduced by the abrasive feed tube geometry, a vacuum gradient is generated along the tube. Although this phenomenon has been recog- nized and utilized as a way to monitor nozzle condition and abrasive flowing conditions, yet, until now, conditions inside the abrasive feed line have not been completely understood. A possible reason is that conditions inside the abrasive feed line are complicated. Not only compressible flow but also multi- phase, multi-component flow has been involved in inside of abrasive feed tube. This paper explored various aspects of the vacuum creation process in both the mixing chamber and the abrasive feed tube. Based on an experimental exploration, an analytical framework is presented to allow theoretical calculations of vacuum conditions in the abrasive feed tube.     

气泡雾化喷嘴喷雾平均直径在下游流场中的分布

文利用激光衍射粒度仪对气泡雾化喷嘴下游流场进行了实验研究,主要分析了雾化颗粒直径随径向和轴向距离变化的趋势．由于喷嘴出口处气液两相流型和颗粒自身重量的影响,液雾颗粒沿径向呈现非轴对称分布;而液雾颗粒直径随着轴向距离的增加呈现先减小、后增大的趋势,颗粒直径的减小是大量气泡爆炸的结果,而后的增加则是由于颗粒之间的相互粘结造成的。