偏振-米散射激光雷达对卷云的探测

 研制了一台偏振-米散射激光雷达,用于卷云和沙尘气溶胶后向散射光退偏振比的探测研究。介绍了偏振-米散射激光雷达的探测原理,叙述了偏振-米散射激光雷达的结构、技术参数、测量方法和数据处理方法。给出了偏振-米散射激光雷达对合肥市西郊上空卷云的结构、退偏振比垂直廓线以及光学厚度的典型探测结果,对这些结果进行了分析和讨论。初步探测结果表明,合肥西郊上空高度在6～10 km的卷云的退偏振比在0.2～0.5之间,该激光雷达可以对卷云进行有效的探测,能较好地反映卷云及其光学特性的时空分布。     

云和气溶胶探测星载激光雷达及其应用

介绍了在轨飞行的云和气溶胶探测星载激光雷达系统的原理和结构,该激光雷达能够探测全球范围内30km以下的云和气溶胶的消光系数和退偏比。利用CAUPSO实测数据,对发生在华北的一次沙尘天气进行分析,得到了河北省内沙尘消光系数和退偏比分布。结果表明,由沙尘气溶胶导致的消光系数最大可以达到0．22／kin;该次沙尘具有典型的层状结构,最可几层数为2,沙尘层的最大退偏比可以达到0．23。     

The determination of the glass transition temperature by thermally stimulated depolarization currents. Comparison with the performance of other techniques

Several experimental techniques are currently used for the determination of the glass transition temperature, T_g. Thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) is a thermal analysis technique whose experimental results display a very clean glass transition signature and that, nevertheless, is seldom used as a technique for T_g determination. In the present work we explain how to get the glass transition temperature from TSDC data, and we compare the values obtained for a vast number of glass forming systems (with T_gs in a wide range between ?145 and +180 °C and fragilities between m = 15 and m = 100), with the values obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). We conclude that the T_g determination by TSDC is direct, accurate and reproducible and that the obtained values correlate very well with those obtained by DSC and DRS. This general survey thus suggests TSDC as a valuable alternative technique for determining T_g.     

粒子的非球形程度对消光系数的影响研究

利用中国气象局南京综合观测基地的微脉冲激光雷达对南京北郊的气溶胶特性进行了常规的观测,并计算了气溶胶的退偏振比,反演了气溶胶的消光系数,分别得到气溶胶退偏振比及消光系数廓线。分析了不同天气情况下退偏振比和消光系数变化趋势的关系,发现退偏振比和消光系数有一定的相关性,即粒子非球形的程度对其消光的大小有一定的影响。初步探测结果发现:在同一个时刻,晴天和雾霾天时二者变化趋势相同,探测到水云时二者变化趋势相反,探测到冰相云时二者变化趋势相同,研究表明:当探测到气溶胶和冰相云时,粒子的非球形特性越明显其消光系数越大;当探测到水云时,粒子越近似球形其消光系数越大。     

Solitons and critical breakup fields in lithium niobate type uniaxial ferroelectrics

Ferroelectric materials, such as lithium niobate, show interesting non-linear hysteresis behavior that can be explained by a dynamical system analysis. By using variational principle, a non-linear Klein-Gordon (K-G) equation is derived for lithium niobate type of uniaxial ferroelectrics involving various types of energy, which was not considered previously to construct the Hamiltonian. This leads to soliton solutions under different conditions of soliton velocity. The critical value of the (dimensional) effective electric field has been estimated to be 54–58 kV/cm for lithium niobate depending on the impurity content in these type inhomogeneous ferroelectrics. Beyond this critical field, there is no existence of solitons. This critical field is related to a break-up mechanism of Landau-Ginzburg two-well potential to a single well, as the driving force is increased.     

偏振-米散射激光雷达的研制

研制的偏振-米散射激光雷达（PML）,可用于探测卷云和沙尘气溶胶的后向散射光退偏振比以及研究流层大气气溶胶的消光特性。采用窄带滤光片和光阑,将接收到的激光大气回波信号谱线（米散射和瑞利散射光谱）从天空太阳背景噪声中分离出来,以提高系统的白天探测能力。介绍了偏振-米散射激光雷达的结构、技术参数、测量方法和数据处理方法。对偏振-米散射激光雷达的性能参数进行了测定,并对测定结果进行了分析与讨论,给出了偏振-米散射激光雷达对合肥市地区(117.16°E, 31.90°N)上空大气气溶胶的消光特性和卷云的结构、退偏振比垂直廓线以及光学厚度的典型探测结果,对这些结果进行了分析和讨论。结果表明：研制的偏振-米散射激光雷达性能可靠,能对大气气溶胶和卷云的物理和光学特性进行有效的探测。     

BNT-BKT-BiFeO3无铅压电陶瓷的压电性能和退极化温度

采用传统陶瓷制备方法,制备了系列新型无铅压电陶瓷材料(1-x-y)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-xBi0.5K0.5TiO3-yBiFeO3(简写为BNT-BKT-BF-x/y).研究了该体系陶瓷微观结构、压电性能和退极化温度变化规律.结果表明:在所研究的组成范围内,所制备的材料均能够形成纯钙钛矿固溶体,陶瓷三方、四方共存的准同型相界(MPB)成分为x=0.18～0.21,y=0～0.05,在准同型相界成分附近该体系陶瓷压电性能达到最大值:d33=171pC/N,kp=0.366.采用平面机电耦合系数kp和极化相位角θmax与温度的关系来确定退极化温度,得到的结果基本相同,陶瓷的退极化温度随BF含量的增加一直降低,随BKT含量的增加先降低后升高.     

Analysis of Birefringence Compensation Using a Quarter-Wave Plate in Solid-State Lasers

Using Jones matrix formulation, the theoretical calculations of birefringence compensation technique for a quarter-wave plate scheme are presented. This scheme was proposed and experimentally demonstrated by W. A. Clarkson et al. (Opt. Lett. 24 (1999) 820). In the present paper we have theoretically confirmed that using this method, even in principle, complete compensation is not possible. However, it is shown quantitatively that this scheme does makes possible effective compensation for the birefringence in as few as several tens of watts of pumping power region, which is an attractive feature for laser-diode (LD) pumped solid-state laser systems. We also found good agreement between our theoretical calculations and experimental results obtained by W. A. Clarkson et al. For example, from the analysis we show that only < 0.1% loss will be generated by about 10 W of heat deposited in the rod. This corresponds to about 30 W of LD pump power, which may generate from 6 to 10 W output power depending upon the conversion efficiency of type lasers     

Optical Computed Tomography Imaging of Absorbers in a Highly Scattering Medium by Detection of Photons Preserving Initial Polarization

A method utilizing light polarization was applied to take the projection data of absorbers in a highly scattering medium. The floor level of the projection data due to diffused light was significantly suppressed by detection of photons which preserved initial polarization. An optical computed tomgraphy image was reconstructed from the projection data taken by this method and exhibited higher spatial resolution than the image reconstructed from the projection data by conventional method.     

Excitation energy transfer in poly(p-phenylphenylenevinylene) determined by polarized fluorescence spectroscopy

Polarized fluorescence spectroscopy is used to investigate the photophysical behavior of poly(p-phenylphenylenevinylene) (PPPV) in polystyrene matrix in comparison with oligomeric model compounds. For this purpose PPPV is modeled by a chain consisting of a distribution of independent oligomeric segments. Excitation energy transfer (EET) between the segments depends on the wavelength of excitation, not only for transfer along an isolated polymer chain, but also for intermolecular transfer at high concentration of PPPV. The spatial range of EET, as indicated by fluorescence depolarization, is reduced for excitation at the long wavelength edge of the absorption spectrum (“red-edge-effect”). © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.