The antimicrobial activities of a series of bis-quaternary ammonium compounds

A series of bis-quaternary ammonium compounds(bis-QACs) N,N’-hevamethylenebis(1-alkyl-4-carbamoyl pyridinium bromide)(4BCAP-6,n)(alkyl chain length,n=8,10,12,14,16 and 18) were synthesized and characterized.Their surface tensions,critical micelle concentrations(CMC),and antimicrobial activities were evaluated.4BCAP-6,10 exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activities except for that against Proteus vulgari.The activities of 4BCAP-6.n against Escherichia coli zk126 were not significantly influenced by temperature.pH and initial bacteria concentration.These results indicate that bis-QACs exhibit high antimicrobial activity regardless of the environmental conditions.     

Global modeling 2~(nd)-order ionospheric delay and its effects on GNSS precise positioning

Ionospheric delay is one of the major error sources in GNSS navigation and positioning.Nowadays,the dual-frequency technique is the most widely used in ionospheric refraction correction.However,dual-frequency measurements can only eliminate the first-order term of ionospheric delay,while the effect of the second-order term on GNSS observations may be several centimeters.In this paper,two models,the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2007 and International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) 11 are used...     

Compact multiband left-handed metamaterial at terahertz frequencies

We design and analyze a novel multiband left-handed metamaterial based on a fishnet-like structure at terahertz (THz) frequencies.The metamaterial exhibits simultaneous negative refractions around the frequencies of 0.48,1.05,and 1.19 THz for the electromagnetic (EM) wave normal incidence,and around the frequencies of 0.20,0.79,and 1.13 THz for parallel incidence.The simulated results verify the left-handed properties.A particularly important observation is the capability of the proposed metamaterial with a single geometrical structure to display multifrequency operations in a unit cell.The compact metamaterial is a major step toward the miniaturization of THz materials and devices suitable for multifrequencies.     

Weighted integral inequalities in Orlicz martingale classes

Under appropriate conditions on Young's functions Φ1 and Φ2,we give necessary and sufficient conditions in order that weighted integral inequalities hold for Doob's maximal operator M on martingale Orlicz setting.When Φ1 = tp and Φ2 = tq,the inequalities revert to the ones of strong or weak(p,q)-type on martingale space.     

COMPACT COMPOSITION OPERATORS ON GENERALIZED LIPSCHITZ SPACES

In this paper, boundedness and compactness of the composition operator on the generalized Lipschitz spaces Λα (α > 1) of holomorphic functions in the unit disk are characterized.     

A NOTE ON THE INTERACTIONS OF ELEMENTARY WAVES FOR THE AR TRAFFIC FLOW MODEL WITHOUT VACUUM

In this note, we consider the interactions of elementary waves for the traffic flow model proposed by Aw and Rascle when the vacuum is not involved. The solutions are obtained constructively and globally when the initial data consist of three pieces of constant states. Furthermore, it can be found that the Riemann solutions are stable with respect to such small perturbations of the initial data in this particular situation by investigating the limits of the solutions as the perturbed parameter ε goes to zero.     

共形空间中具有平行的共形第二基本形式的I型类时超曲面的分类

共形空间中具有平行的共形第二 基本形式的类空超曲面已经作了完全分类, 本文将继续类时情形的探讨并对此时的I型 类时超曲面分类.       

Normal scalar curvature and a pinching theorem in S~m×R and H~m×R

We obtain an inequality in Sm×R and Hm×R which is similar to DDVV conjecture.As an application,we show that a minimal submanifold in H m×R with nonnegative scalar curvature must be a surface of the type γ×R,where γ is a geodesic in H m.In addition,we get a pinching theorem in Sm×R.     

Heavy tails of a Lévy process and its maximum over a random time interval

Let {Xt,t0} be a Lévy process with Lévy measure ν on(∞,∞),and let τ be a nonnegative random variable independent of {Xt,t0}.We are interested in the tail probabilities of X τ and X(τ) = sup0≤t≤τXt.For various cases,under the assumption that either the Lévy measure ν or the random variable τ has a heavy right tail we prove that both Pr(X τ > x) and Pr(X(τ) > x) are asymptotic to Eτν((x,∞)) + Pr(τ > x/(0 ∨ EX 1)) as x →∞,where Pr(τ > x/0) = 0 by convention.