Facile synthesis of 1,8-naphthalimides in palladium-catalysed aminocarbonylation of 1,8-diiodo-naphthalene

1,8-Diiodo-naphthalene was aminocarbonylated with various primary and secondary amines in the presence of palladium(0) complexes formed in situ from palladium(II) acetate and triphenylphosphine. In the case of primary amines, depending on the amine to substrate ratio, two types of products have been obtained in highly chemoselective reaction: dicarboxamides and N-substituted imides have been formed at high and low amine to substrate ratio, respectively. The reaction tolerates the ester functionality, so that amino acid esters could serve as N-nucleophiles and in this way, naphthalimides possessing stereogenic centre in the N-substituent could be synthesised.     

Parallel kinetic resolution of propargyl ketols: formal synthesis of (+)-bakkenolide A

We describe an intriguing new example of a parallel kinetic resolution; an asymmetric cyclization-carbonylation of propargyl ketols catalyzed by palladium(II) with chiral bisoxazoline (box) ligands. The 2S,3S enantiomer of (±)-6 was preferentially converted to 13 (45-49% yields, 37-46% ee), and the 2R,3R enantiomer of (±)-6 was preferentially converted to 14 (21-23% yields, 92-97% ee). As an application of this reaction, formal synthesis of (+)-bakkenolide A was achieved.     

Microwave-promoted aminocarbonylation of aryl triflates using Mo(CO)6 as a solid CO source

Palladium-catalyzed carbonylations of aryl triflates with a range of nucleophiles using Mo(CO)₆ as a solid CO source were explored. The reactions proceeded smoothly providing moderate to good yields of the corresponding aryl amides, esters, or acylsulfonamides after only 20 min of microwave irradiation. The acyl transfer reagent 4-dimethylaminopyridine was found to promote some of the more difficult transformations.     

Microwave-assisted, Mo(CO)6-mediated, palladium-catalyzed amino-carbonylation of aryl halides using allylamine: from exploration to scale-up

Palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylations of various (hetero)aryl halides with allylamine using Mo(CO)₆ as a solid, in situ CO source, were explored. Microwave-enhanced conditions proved to be highly useful in promoting the conversions in a mere 10-20 min with various (hetero)aryl iodides, bromides and chlorides. The scale-up of a microwave-enhanced aminocarbonylation to 25 mmol scale was performed successfully.     

Efficient Synthesis of Novel Plasticizers by Direct Palladium-Catalyzed Di- or Multi-carbonylations

Diesters are of fundamental importance in the chemical industry and are used for many applications, e.g. as plasticizers, surfactants, emulsifiers, and lubricants. Herein, we present a straightforward and efficient method for the selective synthesis of diesters via palladium-catalyzed direct carbonylation of di- or polyols with readily available alkenes. Key-to-success is the use of a specific palladium catalyst with the “built-in-base” ligand L16 providing esterification of all alcohols and a high n/iso ratio. The synthesized diesters were evaluated as potential plasticizers in PVC films by measuring the glass transition temperature (T_g) via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).     

Low Pressure Carbonylation of Benzyl Carbonates and Carbamates for Applications in 13C Isotope Labeling and Catalytic CO2 Reduction

Herein, we report a methodology to access isotopically labeled esters and amides from carbonates and carbamates employing an oxygen deletion strategy. This methodology utilizes a decarboxylative carbonylation approach for isotope labeling with near stoichiometric, ex situ generated ¹²C, or ¹³C carbon monoxide. This reaction is characterized by its broad scope, functional group tolerance, and high yields, which is showcased with the synthesis of structurally complex molecules. A complementary method that operates by the catalytic in situ generation of CO via the reduction of CO₂ liberated during decarboxylation has also been developed as a proof-of-concept approach that CO₂-derived compounds can be converted to CO-containing frameworks. Mechanistic studies provide insight into the catalytic steps which highlight the impact of ligand choice to overcome challenges associated with low-pressure carbonylation methodologies, along with rational for the development of future methodologies.     

硒催化羰基化合成敌草隆

报道了一种简易、绿色的合成敌草隆的新方法。以3,4-二氯硝基苯和二甲胺盐酸盐为起始原料,以CO替代剧毒的光气作羰基化试剂,经硒催化的"一锅煮"的氧化还原羰基化反应来直接合成出目标产物。通过考察反应时间、温度、溶剂和碱的种类、CO压力以及物料比等因素,获得了优化的反应条件。在优化条件下,能以70%的产率得到目标产物,从而为除草剂敌草隆的合成开辟出一条路线简短、操作简单、成本低、原子经济性高、环境友好的新途径。并在文末提出了可能的反应机理。     

硒催化4-氨基吡啶与硝基芳烃羰基化合成4-吡啶基脲

以非金属硒为催化剂,三乙胺为助催化剂,用CO替代剧毒光气作为羰基化试剂,通过鼓泡方式经硒催化"一锅煮"的4-氨基吡啶与硝基芳烃的氧化还原羰基化反应合成4-吡啶基脲.通过探究反应温度、反应时间、溶剂及碱的种类等因素的影响,获得了反应的优化条件.在优化条件的基础上,以中等到良好的收率制得4-吡啶基脲类化合物,反应底物硝基芳烃的普遍适用性较好;还提出了该反应的可能机理.     

Synthesis of novel ferrocene labelled steroidal derivatives via palladium-catalysed carbonylation. X-ray structure of 17-(N-(4′-((2-ferrocenyl-ethenyl)-carbonyl)-phenyl)carbamoyl)-5α-androst-16-ene

Homogeneous catalytic carbonylation of some representative steroidal substrates (alkenyl iodides/enol triflates 1-5) has been carried out in the presence of (E)-1-(4′-aminophenyl)-3-ferrocenyl-prop-2-en-1-one (6) as the nucleophile. The products 1a-4a were obtained in moderate to good yield (43-75%) and were characterised with various spectroscopic methods (¹H-, ¹³C NMR, IR, MS).The solid state structure of 17-(N-(4′-((2-ferrocenyl-ethenyl)-carbonyl)-phenyl)-carbamoyl)-5α-androst-16-ene (1a) has also been determined by X-ray crystallography.     

钯催化氧化N—H键羰基化反应合成1,3,4⁃噁二唑⁃2(3H)⁃酮杂环化合物机理的理论研究

通过密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了钯催化氧化N—H键羰基化反应合成1,3,4-噁二唑-2(3H)-酮杂环化合物的反应机理. 计算结果表明, 这一反应的催化循环包含N1—H活化、 羰基插入、 N2—H活化和还原消除4个阶段. 反应首先通过协同金属化/去质子化机理活化N1—H键, 然后羰基插入Pd—N1键生成稳定的六元金属环中间体, 随后通过一步反应直接发生N2—H键活化, 最后还原消除. 其中, 羰基插入是整个催化循环的决速步骤, 能垒为102.0 kJ/mol. 研究了配体效应和取代基效应, 其结果与已有的实验结果一致.