质子导体固体氧化物燃料电池的Ba_2Co_9O_(14)阴极材料

Ba2Co9O14(BCO)是一种新型的电子-氧离子混合导体,在氧离子导体的固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)中,其作为阴极材料的应用可能性已经得到证实,本工作探索BCO在质子导体SOFC中的应用可能性。采用固相反应法制备BCO粉体,研究BCO与质子导体电解质BZCY(Ba Zr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3-δ)之间的化学相容性,分析BCO-BZCY复合阴极在BZCY电解质上的电化学性能。当复合阴极中BCO的质量含量为70%时,阴极性能最佳,界面阻抗活化能为1.26 e V。以BCO-BZCY为阴极,Ni-BZCY为阳极,BZCY为电解质的阳极支撑型单电池,700℃时,单电池的极化阻抗为0.15Ω·cm2,最大功率密度为400 m W·cm-2。     

Oxygen permeation and phase structure properties of partially A-site substituted BaCo_(0.7)Fe_(0.225)Ta_(0.075)O_(3-δ) perovskites

Ba0.9R0.1Co0.7Fe0.225Ta0.075O3-δ(BRCFT, R = Ca, La or Sr) membranes were synthesized by a solid-state reaction. Metal cation Ca2+,La3+or Sr2+doping on A-site partially substituted Ba2+in BaCo0.7Fe0.225Ta0.075O3-δoxides, and its subsequent effects on phase structure stability, oxygen permeability and oxygen desorption were systematically investigated by XRD, TG-DSC, H2-TPR, O2-TPD techniques and oxygen permeation experiments. The partial substitution with Ca2+, La3+or Sr2+, whose ionic radii are smaller than that of Ba2+, succeeded in stabilizing the cubic perovskite structure without formation of impurity phases, as revealed by XRD analysis. Oxygen-involving experiments showed that BRCFT with A-site fully occupied by Ba2+exhibited good oxygen permeation flux under He flow, reaching about 2.3mL min-1 cm-2at 900 ℃ with 1 mm thickness. Of all the membranes, BLCFT membrane showed better chemical stability in CO2, owing to the reduction in alkalinity of the mixed conductor oxide by La doping. In addition, we also found the stability of the perovskite structure under reducing atmospheres was strengthened by increasing the size of A-site cation(Ba2+La3+Sr2+Ca2+).     

Modelling of a tubular solid oxide fuel cell with different designs of indirect internal reformer

The cell performance and temperature gradient of a tubular solid oxide fuel cell with indirect internal reformer(IIR-SOFC) fuelled by natural gas, containing a typical catalytic packed-bed reformer, a catalytic coated wall reformer, a catalytic annular reformer, and a novel catalytic annular-coated wall reformer were investigated with an aim to determine the most efficient internal reformer system. Among the four reformer designs, IIR-SOFC containing an annular-coated wall reformer exhibited the highest performance in terms of cell power density(0.67 W cm-2)and electrical efficiency(68%) with an acceptable temperature gradient and a moderate pressure drop across the reformer(3.53×10-5kPa).IIR-SOFC with an annular-coated wall reformer was then studied over a range of operating conditions: inlet fuel temperature, operating pressure, steam to carbon(S : C) ratio, gas flow pattern(co-flow and counter-flow pattern), and natural gas compositions. The simulation results showed that the temperature gradient across the reformer could not be decreased using a lower fuel inlet temperature(1223 K–1173 K)and both the power density and electrical efficiency of the cell also decreased by lowering fuel inlet temperature. Operating in higher pressure mode(1-10 bar) improved the temperature gradient and cell performance. Increasing the S : C ratio from 2 : 1 to 4 : 1 could decrease the temperature drop across the reformer but also decrease the cell performance. The average temperature gradient was higher and smoother in IIR-SOFC under a co-flow pattern than that under a counter-flow pattern, leading to lower overpotential and higher cell performance. Natural gas compositions significantly affected the cell performance and temperature gradient. Natural gas containing lower methane content provided smoother temperature gradient in the system but showed lower power density and electrical efficiency.     

Graphene oxide assisted facile hydrothermal synthesis of LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 nanoparticles as cathode material for lithium ion battery

Assisted by graphene oxide（GO）,nano-sized LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 with excellent electrochemical performance was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method as cathode material for lithium ion battery.SEM and TEM images indicate that the particle size of LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4（S2）was about 80 nm in diameter.The discharge capacity of LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 nanoparticles was 140.3 mAh-g^1 in the first cycle.It showed that graphene oxide was able to restrict the growth of LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 and it in situ reduction of GO could improve the electrical conductivity of LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 material.     

以胶原纤维为模板制备多孔纤维状SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-ZrO_2固体酸及其酯化催化性能

本文以胶原纤维为模板,制备了多孔纤维状TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物,并以此为载体制备了多孔纤维状SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2固体酸。SEM观察发现TiO2-ZrO2和SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2均复制了胶原纤维独特的纤维结构,TiO2-ZrO2氧化物的比表面积达到77.51 m2·g-1;XRD分析发现,Ti-Zr摩尔比对TiO2-ZrO2的晶相结构有重要影响,当Ti/Zr摩尔比为0.67∶1时,TiO2-ZrO2以TiZrO4晶相为主;NH3-TPD分析表明SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2的酸量及酸强度与Ti-Zr摩尔比以及活化温度有着密切关系。在乙酸与正丁醇的酯化反应中,多孔纤维状SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2固体酸表现出优良的催化性能。当催化剂用量为6.5wt%,反应时间为60min时,乙酸的转化率高达98.1%;该固体酸催化剂重复使用性优良,循环使用5次时,转化率仍然保持在85%以上。     

负载型金属氧化物在煤制备氢气中的应用及表征

1引言 煤热解产生的富氢气体经过富集和纯化,得到的氢气既可作为氢燃料电池或航空航天发动机的燃料,也可以作为化工原料,还可用于改善其它气体燃料的燃烧性能等,用途广泛.所以,用热解煤的方法生产的洁净或改质的燃料,既能减少燃煤造成的环境污染,又能充分利用煤中所含的较高经济价值的化合物,具有保护环境、节能和合理利用煤炭资源的广泛意义.目前,对于煤热解制备氢气相应的催化剂还没有系统的研究.本实验以γ-Al2O3载体负载系列氧化物为催化剂,对煤热解制备氢气反应进行研究,比较了不同负载型氧化物催化剂对煤热解产生氢气的催化反应活性的差异.     

Cu-Ce-Zr-O复合氧化物催化剂的制备与三效催化性能

采用柠檬酸溶胶凝胶法制备了Cu-Ce-Zr-O复合氧化物催化剂. 当Ce∶Zr∶Cu摩尔比为2∶8∶5时,制得的Ce0.2Zr0.8Cu0.5-O2-λ催化剂具有较佳的三效催化性能和较宽的工作窗口. 当空燃比为1.33(富氧)时, CO, C3H6和NO的起燃温度分别为183, 257和236 ℃, 并且当温度高于340 ℃时都能完全转化; 催化剂经高温老化后CO, C3H6和NO的起燃温度仍较低,分别为225, 350和350 ℃. X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和程序升温还原的结果表明,部分Cu进入 Ce-Zr固溶体形成Cu-Ce-Zr固溶体; Cu与Ce产生协同效应使Ce0.2Zr0.8Cu0.5O2-λ催化剂的低温活性明显提高,并且在贫燃情况下具有更高的三效催化性能.     

新型铬锰复合氧化物低温选择性催化氨还原NOx

采用柠檬酸法合成了一系列铬锰复合氧化物催化剂,利用X射线衍射及X射线光电子能谱研究了催化剂活性相态,并考察了铬锰摩尔比对反应活性的影响. 结果表明,该体系在有氧条件下氨低温选择性催化还原氮氧化物反应中显示出优异的活性,其中Cr(0.4)-MnOx催化剂具有最佳低温催化活性,在空速 30 000 h-1和120 ℃条件下, NOx转化率达98.5%, N2选择性达100%. 在MnOx中添加Cr后形成了CrMn1.5O4晶相, 该相态在低温选择性催化还原NOx过程中起重要作用.     

苯氨基甲酸甲酯分解催化剂Bi-Zn复合氧化物的制备及其催化性能

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列Bi-Zn复合氧化物催化剂并将其用于催化苯氨基甲酸甲酯(MPC)分解制备苯基异氰酸酯(PI).用热重、X射线衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱考察了Bi/Zn摩尔比和焙烧温度对催化剂物相结构和表面性质的影响.结果表明,Zn的加入使Bi_2O_3由α晶相转变为活性更高的β晶相,500℃焙烧时Bi-Zn前驱体分解较为完全,析出Bi_2O_3粒子的同时伴生较多Bi_(7.65)Zn_(0.35)O_(11.83)晶相.在Bi/Zn摩尔比为2/1,焙烧温度为500℃条件下制得的催化剂活性最高,此时MPC转化率为86.O%,PI选择性为91.7%,优于单独使用Bi_2O_3时的催化性能.     

Ni/Ce-ZrO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂上高温焦炉煤气中焦油组分的常压加氢裂解

采用分步浸渍法制备了Ni/Ce-ZrO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、N2物理吸附和程序升温还原等方法对其进行了表征.该催化剂在以甲苯和萘为焦油模拟化合物的高温焦炉煤气常压加氢裂解反应中表现出良好的催化性能和一定的耐硫能力.在较低的水/碳摩尔比(S/C=0.44)条件下,甲苯和萘能够完全转化为小分子气体.向Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂中加入适量的铈锆氧化物,能促使催化剂表面形成尺寸更小的镍纳米晶粒,并有效地抑制镍晶粒烧结,从而显著提高催化剂的稳定性.该类催化剂有望应用于具有较低水/碳摩尔比的高温焦炉煤气中焦油的直接除去.