基于图像四叉树的改进型比例边界有限元法研究

为提高数值计算的精度, 断裂力学问题的数值模拟需要在裂纹扩展的局部区域采用较密的网格, 而远离裂纹扩展的区域可采用较疏的网格, 且对于裂纹扩展问题的数值模拟, 大多数数值方法又存在局部网格重剖分的问题. 论文提出了一种基于图像四叉树的改进型比例边界有限元法用于模拟裂纹扩展问题, 该方法可根据结构域几何外边界的图像全自动进行四叉树网格剖分, 无需任何人工干预, 网格剖分效率极高, 由于比例边界有限元法本身的优势, 四叉树网格的悬挂节点可以直接地视为新的节点, 无需任何特殊处理. 通过引入虚节点的思想, 将裂纹与四叉树单元边界交叉点作为虚节点, 虚节点的自由度作为附加自由度处理, 并采用水平集函数表征材料内部的裂纹面, 含不连续裂纹面的子域可通过节点水平集函数识别, 使得裂纹扩展时无需进行网格重剖分, 界面的几何特征通过比例边界有限元子域的附加自由度表征. 最后, 通过若干算例验证了该方法的性能, 建议的改进型比例边界有限元法在求解复合型应力强度因子和模拟材料内部裂纹扩展路径时均具有较高的精度.      

SBFEM与非局部宏微观损伤模型相结合的准脆性材料开裂模拟

混凝土是一种被广泛应用于土木和水利工程中的准脆性材料, 在各种内外部因素的作用下, 开裂是混凝土结构最为普遍的破坏形式, 准确模拟结构的开裂过程, 对于结构的安全评估至关重要. 将比例边界有限元与非局部宏微观损伤模型相结合提出一种准脆性材料开裂模拟新方法. 以比例边界有限元子域的比例中心作为物质点, 通过两比例中心(物质点对)之间的物质键的正伸长率来定义微细观损伤, 将某点影响域内物质键的微细观损伤加权平均得到该点的宏观拓扑损伤. 再引入能量退化函数, 将宏观拓扑损伤嵌入到比例边界有限元的基本框架中. 充分利用比例边界有限元网格允许存在悬挂节点的优势, 采用四叉树网格离散技术进行快速、高质量的多级网格划分与过渡. 通过一个I型开裂与一个混合型开裂的两个典型算例, 验证了该方法可捕获结构裂纹扩展路径与荷载变形曲线. 与现有的方法相比, 本文的损伤模型可得到更准确的局部开裂损伤带, 结果更为合理, 且具有更高的计算精度和计算效率. 当损伤过程区网格尺寸小于影响域半径的1/5时, 计算结果不存在网格敏感性问题.      

一种模拟动边界绕流的锐利界面浸入边界法

When the structural wall moves over a fixed grid, the structure coverage will change, resulting in many dead and emerging elements. To avoid the influence of malformation and reconstruction of body-fitted grids on the calculation efficiency and accuracy of the fluid-structure interaction problems with coupled boundary movement on the fixed grid, an improved numerical method for describing the interaction between an immersed rigid body and fluid based on a sharp-interface is proposed. In this method, both the fluid and solid are regarded as pure fluid domains in the whole computational domain, and the solid boundary is divided into several Lagrangian grid points. The flow parameter or velocity is reconstructed by interpolation at the interface element, which is then directly used as the boundary condition of the flow field, thus reflecting the influence of the wall boundary conditions. The method constructs the calculation structure of “virtual point, force point and vertical foot point”, and the velocity of the virtual point is obtained by bilinear interpolation. Then, the velocity of the force point is calculated by forcing the solid boundary to meet the no-slip condition, and the equations of the coupling system based on the immersion boundary method are finally solved to realize the numerical simulation of the flow with a complex moving boundary. The numerical program for this immersed boundary method is established using C++, then the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method are validated by comparison with the literature and experimental results of the basic numerical example of flow around a cylinder. Furthermore, the effects of the structural shape and the angle of attack on the trailing vortex structure, the vortex shedding frequency, and the lift/ coefficient characteristics of the flow around the elliptical cylinder have been analyzed. The anti-symmetric S-type, “P+S” Ⅰ-type and “P+S” Ⅱ-type trailing vortex shedding modes, as well as the variation laws of the vortex structure size, vortex shedding frequency and lift-drag coefficients ratio with axis ratio and angle of attack, are captured. The critical angle of attack (25°) corresponding to the maximum lift-drag ratio is determined as 25°.     

模拟相变问题的精细积分边界元法

将精细积分边界元法和界面追踪法相结合求解相变问题。因为边界元法只需要将待求解空间域的边界离散,方便连续追踪移动界面位置和重构网格,所以边界元法适合应用于移动边界问题的模拟。首先,利用精细积分边界元法在固相区域和液相区域分别求解相应的瞬态热传导控制方程,从而求得温度场和边界热流密度。然后,根据固-液相变界面上的能量平衡方程,利用热流密度求得相变界面的移动速度,再采用界面追踪法预测移动相变界面的位置变化。最后,给出了几个数值算例,并通过与参考解的对比验证本文方法的准确性。     

集中载荷作用下不同边界条件的弯曲厚矩形板的受迫振动

运用边界积分法研究了四边简支、两对边固定另两对边简支、四边固定三种复杂边界条件下厚矩形板的受迫振动问题,求解过程清晰,从而给出了受迫振动控制方程和挠曲面方程。通过在Matlab平台上进行数值计算,得出了图表形式的计算结果,并与有限元模拟值进行对照。研究表明,边界积分法用于求解厚矩形板的受迫振动问题的准确性,本文推导的控制方程和挠曲面方程的正确性,进而对工程实际中的各种相关问题具有一定的现实意义,也为求解此类问题提供了一种新途径,可以直接运用到工程实际中。     

边界振动的微腔中薛定谔猫态的产生

采用全量子理论,考虑了边界振动的微腔(振动边界视作频率为ωm的量子谐振子)与单模辐射场构成的系统,在薛定谔绘景中,给出了系统的时间演化算符,得到了系统的态函数随时间的演化关系.结果表明,当振动边界回到初态时的腔场态能给出许多与已有文献不同的薛定谔猫态,且通过调整单模辐射场的频率可以选择想要的薛定谔猫态.     

New bifurcations of basin boundaries involving Wada and a smooth Wada basin boundary

This paper demonstrates and analyses double heteroclinic tangency in a three-well potential model, which can produce three new types of bifurcations of basin boundaries including from smooth to Wada basin boundaries, from fractal to Wada basin boundaries in which no changes of accessible periodic orbits happen, and from Wada to Wada basin boundaries. In a model of mechanical oscillator, it shows that a Wada basin boundary can be smooth.     

Numeral eddy current sensor modelling based on genetic neural network

This paper presents a method used to the numeral eddy current sensor modelling based on the genetic neural network to settle its nonlinear problem. The principle and algorithms of genetic neural network are introduced. In this method, the nonlinear model parameters of the numeral eddy current sensor are optimized by genetic neural network （GNN） according to measurement data. So the method remains both the global searching ability of genetic algorithm and the good local searching ability of neural network. The nonlinear model has the advantages of strong robustness, on-line modelling and high precision. The maximum nonlinearity error can be reduced to 0.037% by using GNN. However, the maximum nonlinearity error is 0.075% using the least square method.