基于几何不确定性的翼型多目标稳健优化设计

提出在优化设计进程中引进基于各种不确定性波动的稳健优化设计思想, 进行多目标进化优化算法与代理模型技术在稳健优化设计中的应用研究. 提供翼型确定性优化和稳健性优化实例, 并对结果进行对比, 结果表明该稳健优化设计方法可以得到更有实际应用价值的翼型气动外形.      

求解Euler方程的隐式无网格算法

研究了求解Eluer方程的稳式无网格算法，用点云离散计算区域，代替通常的网格划分；在当地点云上，引入二次平方极小曲面逼近计算空间导数，用Roe的近似Riemann解确定通量；并用LU-SGS算法求解离散得到的Euler方程稳式时间后差联立方程组，数值模拟了二维翼型跨音速绕流，由于无网格算法区域离散只涉及点云，具有灵活性，适合处理复杂的气动外形。     

分段共振耦合BFQ的调谐与测量

对一长度为3m的分段共振耦合RFQ冷模进行了多次调谐和测量，得到了RF电场平整度好于4％的场分布；解决了分段共振耦合RFQ调谐时捐合单元处RF电场分布出现的台阶问题；确定了分段共振耦合RFQ的调谐步骤。     

水平轴风力机动态来流条件下翼型气动特性的数值分析

动态来流条件下,水平轴风力机的功率输出可增加30%～50%.本文通过量纲分析,确定影响水平轴风力机翼型动态来流条件下气动特性的主要参数为特征频率fr和雷诺数Re.运用CFD方法对NREL S825翼型在不同fr数和Re数条件下,进行了气动特性的对比.结果表明在动态来流条件下,低Re数对翼型特性影响较小,而fr数是影响翼型性能的关键.     

Flows around two airfoils performing fling and subsequent translation and translation and subsequent clap

The aerodynamic forces and flow structures of two airfoils performing “fling and subsequent translation“ and “translation and subsequent clap“ are studied by numerically solving the Navier-Stokes equations in moving overset grids. These motions are relevant to the flight of very small insects. The Reynolds number, based on the airfoil chord length c and the translation velocity U, is 17. It is shown that: (1) For two airfoils performing fling and subsequent translation, a large lift is generated both in the fling phase and in the early part of the translation phase. During the fling phase,a pair of leading edge vortices of large strength is generated; the generation of the vortex pair in a short period results in a large time rate of change of fluid impulse, which explains the large lift in this period. During the early part of the translation, the two leading edge vortices move with the airfoils;the relative movement of the vortices also results in a large time rate of change of fluid impulse, which explains the large lift in this part of motion. (In the later part of the translation, the vorticity in the vortices is diffused and convected into the wake.) The time averaged lift coefficient is approximately 2.4 times as large as that of a single airfoil performing a similar motion. (2) For two airfoils performing translation and subsequent clap, a large lift is generated in the clap phase. During the clap, a pair of trailing edge vortices of large strength are generated; again, the generation of the vortex pair in a short period (which results in a large time rate of change of fluid impulse) is responsible for the large lift in this period. The time averaged lift coefficient is approximately 1.6 times as large as that of a single airfoil performing a similar motion. (3) When the initial distance between the airfoils (in the case of clap, the final distance between the airfoils) varies from 0.1 to 0.2c, the lift on an airfoil decreases only slightly but the torque decreases greatly. When the distance is about lc， the interference effects between the two airfoils become very small.     

涡发生器结构对翼型绕流场的影响

为了研究涡发生器在风力机叶片上的应用,以进一步提高风力机气动效率,本文采用CFD数值模拟方法,分析涡发生器几何形状对其绕流场和翼型边界层特性的影响.涡发生器几何形状为同样高度的矩形、梯形和三角形。翼型为风力机专用翼型DU97-W-300。首先对数值模拟结果与实验值进行了对比,验证了数值方法的可信性。然后详细讨论了各种涡发生器所产生的集中涡涡量、翼型边界层特性、以及绕流场等沿流向的发展演变。总体上看,三角形涡发生器较适合用于风力机翼型的流动控制。     

波状前缘对风力机翼型失速性能影响数值分析

为研究仿生波状前缘对翼型失速性能的影响,本文采用S-A湍流模型,对风力机翼型NACA634-021(光滑前缘)以及对应的正弦波状前缘仿生翼型的绕流流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明,光滑翼型在20°攻角附近发生深度失速,升力系数骤然下降;而波状前缘仿生翼型有效改善了失速特性,升力系数变化较平稳,在大攻角下高于光滑翼型。通过流场分析发现光滑翼型失速前后升力系数骤然下降的主要原因在于前缘压力面和吸力面的压差大幅度下降,而仿生翼型改变了前缘的压力分布特性,进而改变了大攻角下的分离特性,促进流向涡对的产生和发展,使得凸峰附近保持附着流动,进而提高升力。     

基于大涡模拟下风力机翼型非定常转捩流动的动态模态分解分析

翼型绕翼流动对风力机整机性能产生重要影响.本文基于大涡模拟方法,得到风力机翼型非定常转捩流动.通过对压力流场的动态模态分解(DMD)分析,发现翼型层流分离泡的生成和发展为流动主要非定常特征,且该特征具有主要频率.预估得到高增长率T-S扰动波频率与DMD模态频率接近,发现高频变化的分离泡由边界层分离点下游不远处的T-S扰动波诱导K-H不稳定性而主导,以及中低频的DMD模态表现为T-S扰动波所引起的湍流结构.对比不同攻角下的DMD分解结果,发现上表面分离泡会逐渐向前移动,长度变短;而下表面分离泡略微后移,长度变化不大.     

不同尾缘改型方式对风力机钝尾缘翼型气动性能的影响

目前风力机钝尾缘翼型改型方式研究不足,据此本文提出三种钝尾缘改型方式并用Xfoil进行了系列计算:(1)改变中弧线两侧的厚度分配比例;(2)改变厚度分布曲线;(3)刚性旋转上下弧线.用第二种方法研究了NREL的$814翼型,此种方法对钝尾缘改型厚的升力系数影响不大,但对阻力系数产生了一些有利影响;其余两种方法研究了NREL的S815翼型,发现改变厚度分配比例可以使工作区发生移动,而刚性旋转上下弧线同样具有提高升力系数的优点.各种增加尾缘厚度的方式都有使工作区偏移的特点.     

合成射流对失速状态下翼型大分离流动控制的试验研究

为研究低速状态合成射流在抑制翼型气流分离和推迟失速方面的控制机理, 开展了NACA0021 翼型失速特性射流控制的风洞试验研究. 通过系统性的模型测力、翼型瞬态流场粒子图像测速和边界层速度测定的对比试验, 深入探索了合成射流各参数对翼型失速特性控制效果的影响规律. 试验结果表明射流偏角在翼型升力和失速迎角控制方面的效果对射流动量系数较为敏感: 当动量系数较大时, 近切向射流的控制效果更好. 射流动量系数为0.033 时, 偏角30°的射流使得翼型升力系数峰值提高23.56%, 失速迎角增大5°; 而动量系数较小时, 偏角较大的射流能够获得最佳控制效果. 射流动量系数为0.0026 时, 法向射流对翼型最大升力系数控制效果最好(提高9.2%).