Degradation of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous solution by γ-radiation and ozone oxidation

The application of radiation technology in the en-vironmental protection was listed as one of the mostimportant research fields by the International AtomicEnergy Agency (IAEA) for the peaceful use of nuclearenergy. It has great research value and potential appli-cation. Because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobialproperties, Cholophenols (CPs) have been used aspreservative agents for wood, paints, vegetable fibersand leather and as disinfectants. In addition, they havebeen widely employed…     

水热污泥与煤在混燃过程中的协同效应特性研究

以城市污泥衍生的水热污泥(SS-derived hydrochar)为对象,结合傅里叶红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)等对比研究了水热污泥与三种不同品阶煤(褐煤、烟煤和无烟煤)在有机/无机结构与燃料特性上的异同;同时,通过热重(TG)与偏差分析(Deviation)考察水热污泥与各阶煤在不同混合比例条件下的协同燃烧行为及其作用机制。结果表明,污泥经过水热处理后其有机结构和燃烧行为均提升至与煤相似的水平,该过程不仅改善污泥的燃烧特性,并增强其与煤之间的协同燃烧效应。水热污泥中适量的轻质组分与(碱)碱土金属能在混合燃烧过程中加速煤的失重速率,其对三种煤的促进作用可达4.4%-16.1%(褐煤)、1.9%-9.4%(烟煤)和4.8%-12.1%(无烟煤)。总体而言,水热污泥与褐煤混合而成的燃料在燃料性能上具有较大的优势,并且其混合比例以30%(水热污泥):70%(褐煤)与50%(水热污泥):50%(褐煤)为宜。     

Synergistic catalytic oxidation of cinnamaldehydes by poly(vinyl alcohol) functionalized β-cyclodextrin polymer in CaO2/HCO3− system

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)–functionalized β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer crosslinked by citric acid (PVA-g-CD) was synthesized, characterized and evaluated for the catalytic oxidation of cinnamaldehydes. The polymer showed good activity and selectivity to aldehydes for some structurally diverse cinnamaldehydes. The enhanced catalytic activity may be attributed to the synergistic effect of the intermolecular weak interactions between β-CD and the functional group of PVA. In addition, calcium peroxide as a solid oxidant was found to significantly affect the reaction. This catalyst can be recovered and reused for five times without a significant loss in its activity and selectivity.     

Conductometric study of the mixing behaviour of sodium benzoate and salicylate with an anionic surfactant sodium lauroylsarcosinate

Effects of two anionic hydrotropes – sodium benzoate (NaBz) and sodium salicylate (NaSal) – on the mixed-micelle formation with an amino-acid-based surfactant – sodium lauroylsarcosinate (SLS) – in water were investigated by the conductometric method. Specific conductivity was measured for SLS/NaBz/water and SLS/NaSal/water systems to determine the critical micelle concentration (cmc). Using the regular solution theory for non-ideal mixing, the pairwise interaction parameter, β₁₂, and micellar composition, χ, were estimated in the mixed micelle. The cmc values of the surfactant–hydrotropes mixtures were generally lower than those predicted from the ideal mixing theory. The β₁₂ values are generally negative for the two systems at all mole fractions with an average value of ?2.83 for the SLS/NaBz and ?3.31 for SLS/NaSal systems, respectively, indicative of a strong attractive interaction between the SLS/NaBz and SLS/NaSal mixed micelle. The calculated thermodynamic parameters of micellisation all indicated spontaneity in mixed-micelle formation for the systems studied.     

Synergistic effects of ammonium polyphosphate and red phosphorus with expandable graphite on flammability and thermal properties of HDPE/EVA blends

In this work, the flame‐retardant high‐density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl‐acetate copolymer (HDPE/EVA) composites have been prepared by using expandable graphite (EG) as a flame retardant combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and red phosphorus masterbatch (RPM) as synergists. The synergistic effects of these additives on the flammability behaviors of the filled composites have been investigated by limiting oxygen index, UL‐94 test, cone calorimeter test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that APP and RPM are good synergists for improving the flame retardancy of EG‐filled HDPE/EVA composites. The data from TGA and FTIR spectra also indicate the synergistic effects of APP and RPM with EG considerably enhance the thermal degradation temperatures but decrease the charred residues of the HDPE/EVA/EG composites because the flame‐retardant mechanism has changed. The morphological observations present positive evidences that the synergistic effects take place in APP and RPM with EG in flame‐retardant EG‐filled HDPE/EVA/EG composites. The formation of stable and compact charred residues promoted by APP and RPM with EG acts as effective heat barriers and thermal insulations, which improves the flame‐retardant performances and prevents the underlying polymer materials from burning. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of anion of polyoxometalate based organic–inorganic hybrid material on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

In this work, 12‐tungestocobaltic acid based organic–inorganic hybrid material, [Bmim]₆CoW₁₂O₄₀ (CoW) was synthesized and applied as a synergist in polypropylene (PP)/intumescent flame retardant (IFR) composites. The flame retardant properties were investigated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 vertical burning test, thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), cone calorimeter and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) etc. The results showed that the PP composites with 16 wt% IFR and 1 wt% CoW achieves the UL‐94 V‐0 rating and gets a LOI value 28.0. However, only add no less than 25 wt% single IFR, can the PP composites obtain the UL‐94 V‐0 rating, which suggests that CoW has good synergistic effects on flame retardancy of PP/IFR composites. In addition, the SEM and cone calorimeter tests indicated the CoW improves the quality of char layer. The rate of char formation has been enhanced also because of the existence of CoW. It is the combination of a better char quality and a high rate of char formation promoted by CoW that results in the excellent flame retardancy of PP/IFR composites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

内嵌型介孔分子筛的合成

用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵在溶液中形成的液晶相胶态分子团作为模板剂，同时在分子团憎水基团内部导入对乏燃料中钯离子有特效选择萃取效应的协萃剂ＴＯＰＯ－Ｐ２０４，通过表面活性剂亲水基团与易水解的有机硅酸盐阴离子之间的自组织过程，合成了内嵌型介孔分子筛固体吸附剂ＭＣＭ－ＴＰ，经ＴＥＭ，ＸＲＤ，２９Ｓｉ－ＭＡＳＮＭＲ测试，与ＭＣＭ－４１介孔分子筛有相似的孔道结构，但其晶胞参数有所增加，水热稳定性有明显的改善．用于提取乏燃料中的钯，饱和吸附Ｐｄ容量可达０．０１５ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ．     

Solubility of long-chain fatty acid esters in selected organic one- and two-component solvents

Three long-chain ethylene glycol monoesters of stearic, eicosanoic and behenic acids have been synthesized and carefully purified. Their solubilities in 25 pure solvents and in 28 binary solvent systems have been investigated by a synthetic method over a temperature range from 280 to 320 K. The systems containing cyclohexane+alcohols and chlorohydrocarbons+alcohols mixed solvents were found to exhibit a solubility synergistic effect. The results of these measurements were correlated by the Wilson equation utilizing temperature dependent _ij parameters.     

Direct Electrochemistry of Hemoglobin in Cerium Dioxide/Carbon Nanotubes/Chitosan for Amperometric Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

Abstract

A novel hemoglobin (Hb) biosensor based on the remarkable synergistic effects of cerium dioxide (CeO₂) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) for detection of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is presented. The Hb/CeO₂/MWNTs/CHIT nanocomposite was nanoengineered by selected matched material components and optimized composition ratio to produce a superior H₂O₂ sensor. The preparation method is quite simple and practical. This composite matrix combined the advantages of MWNTs, CeO₂ nanoparticles, and chitosan (CHIT), with good electron-transfer ability, attractive biocompatibility, and fine film-forming ability, which could increase Hb attachment quantity and H₂O₂ detection sensitivity. In the optimum pH 7.0 phosphate buffer, the electrocatalytic response exhibited a linear dependence on H₂O₂ concentration in a wide range from 5.0 × 10^?6 to 4.6 × 10^?4 mol L^?1 with a detection limit of 6.5 × 10^?7 mol/L (3σ).     

低温等离子体与MnO_x/γ-Al_2O_3协同催化降解正己醛

研究了在低温等离子体和催化剂共同作用下低浓度正己醛的降解反应.结果表明,等离子体与γ-Al2O3之间产生了很好的催化协同作用,在低放电功率(2.8W)和低温(80℃)下,干燥空气气氛中,γ-Al2O3对0.12%正己醛的去除率为87.1%;当γ-Al2O3负载7.5%MnOx后,正己醛去除率达到96.5%,其效果与Pt/γ-Al2O3相当.7.5%MnOx/γ-Al2O3在实验条件下连续使用50h,其催化活性未见下降.