Radiation attenuation and nuclear properties of high density concrete made with steel aggregates

Abstract

The fast neutron and gamma ray spectra measured behind different thickness of steel scrap concrete with density of 4 g/cm³ have been studied. The mix proportions by weight of this type of concrete were 1 cement: 6.89 steel scrap: 2.9 sand and 0.5 Water. Comparison with a standard ordinary concrete of density 2.3 g/cm³ have been carried out. The measurements were made using a collimated beam of both gamma rays and neutrons emitted from one of the horizontal channel of the Egyptian Research Reactor-1. A fast neutron and gamma ray spectrometer with a stilbene crystal was used to measure the spectra of fast neutrons and gamma rays. Pulse shape discrimination using the zero cross over technique was used to separate the photon pulses from the electron pulses. The equation due to Schmidt has been modified and applied for determining the neutron effective removal cross sections (～_R) for steel scrap, ordinary, hematite–serpentine, ilmenite–limonite and ilmenite concretes. This equation gives results which are in good agreement with the measured values. The derived empirical equation in a previous work to calculate the neutron integral flux behind different thicknesses of different types of concretes, gives good results for steel scrap concrete under investigation comparing with the corresponding experimental data. Total neutron macroscopic cross sections, linear attenuation coefficients for gamma rays and the half-value layers for both radiations at different energies have been obtained for steel scrap concrete and comparing with the corresponding values of ordinary concrete. The results show that steel scrap concrete is better than ordinary, hematite–serpentine, ilmenite–limonite and ilmenite concretes from the radiation shielding point of view.     

MULTI-SCALE NUMERICAL MODEL FOR SIMULATING CONCRETE MATERIAL BASED ON FRACTAL THEORY

A new multi-scale numerical model is presented using the fractal theory and adopting FEM to simulate the failure of concrete.The relation between the fractal box dimension in large scale and the damage to concrete in small scale is deduced.And the evolutionary process of elastic modulus and strength in small scale is given.Consequently,the multi-scale numerical model is proposed to describe the constitutive relation of concrete between small scale and large scale.A two-dimensional static analysis of a concrete block is performed by using this model and the calculation result is discussed.The propagation of cracks of the concrete block is also studied.     

Flexural reinforcement of concrete floor slabs by carbon fiber textiles

The effect of carbon fiber textile for flexural reinforcement to deteriorated reinforced concrete floor slab is tested in laboratory by cutting out six specimens from existing structure aged more than 70 years. The repair method between concrete and carbon fiber textile is used as experimental parameter. From the test results, deformation, bond characteristic of carbon fiber textile and the applicability of carbon fiber textiles to flexural reinforcement of floor slabs are discussed.     

混凝土中的声发射波速特性及其在源定位中的应用*

利用声发射技术监测受载混凝土裂缝发展特征的首要任务是对声发射源的准确定位。为了解混凝土中声发射波速特性,提高声发射源定位精度,该文开展了一系列室内试验,构建了考虑衰减现象的声发射波速修正模型,优化建立了基于修正波速的区域穷举定位法。结果表明:水灰比越小,基准波速越大,波速随距离的衰减越大。骨料粒径越大,基准波速越大,波速随距离的衰减越大。直线距离小于500 mm时,可采用对数函数描述声发射波速与距离的定量关系,以此构建的波速修正模型满足工程精度要求。采用修正波速的区域穷举定位法对单轴压缩试验产生的裂缝进行定位时,定位点比时差定位法更接近裂缝实际位置,有效提高了定位精度。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析橡苔浸膏中的挥发性化学成分

用挥发油提取器提取橡苔浸膏中的挥发油 ,利用气相色谱 -质谱法 ( GC- MS)分析了其中的化学成分 ,采用GC峰面积归一化法定量 ,鉴定出 2 4种化合物 ,共占挥发油总量的 83%以上     

Braided reinforced composite rods for the internal reinforcement of concrete

This paper reports on the development of braided reinforced composite rods as a substitute for the steel reinforcement in concrete. The research work aims at understanding the mechanical behaviour of core-reinforced braided fabrics and braided reinforced composite rods, namely concerning the influence of the braiding angle, the type of core reinforcement fibre, and preloading and postloading conditions. The core-reinforced braided fabrics were made from polyester fibres for producing braided structures, and E-glass, carbon, HT polyethylene, and sisal fibres were used for the core reinforcement. The braided reinforced composite rods were obtained by impregnating the core-reinforced braided fabric with a vinyl ester resin. The preloading of the core-reinforced braided fabrics and the postloading of the braided reinforced composite rods were performed in three and two stages, respectively. The results of tensile tests carried out on different samples of core-reinforced braided fabrics are presented and discussed. The tensile and bending properties of the braided reinforced composite rods have been evaluated, and the results obtained are presented, discussed, and compared with those of conventional materials, such as steel. Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 327–338, May–June, 2008.     

2种参数对预应力混凝土梁性能的影响分析

分析了跨高比、加载方式对预应力混凝土梁抗弯强度和结构性能的影响．利用平面梁弯曲理论导出单元切线刚度矩阵，提出了新的分析模型可用于预测预应力混凝土梁从开始加载直至失效的非线性全过程响应，并利用建立的分析模型详细评估了跨高比及加载方式等参数对预应力混凝土梁的弯曲强度和受力性能的影响．     

基于多孔介质理论的混凝土徐变力学行为的有限元分析

水分是影响混凝土徐变的最重要因素之一,但通常为了计算的简便往往忽略了水分的影响,造成计算结果有很大的误差.文章根据混合物理论结合罚参数法、Galerkin加权残值法以及徐变应力分析的隐式解法,推导得到了混凝土徐变两相多孔介质模型.建立了有限元计算模型,给出了求解算法并编制了有限元程序.计算和试验比较分析表明,该理论和计算方法得到的结果遵循徐变相关性质,说明了该理论和计算模型的合理性.最后,指出了模型中存在的不足以及进一步的研究方向.     

Relationship Between Mesostructure,Mechanical Behaviour and Damage of Cement Composites Under High-Pressure Confinement

This work seeks to determine how the mesostructure of seven types of cement composites containing alumina particles or not controls their deviatoric strength, compaction law, and damage under high-pressure of confinement. First, the method of analysis of quasi-oedometric compression tests is presented. Accuracy of the method for concrete is discussed by means of numerical simulations. The confined compression tests performed show the effects of adding ceramic aggregates. Furthermore, an application of post-mortem analysis by infiltration technique of each specimen is presented, revealing a highly micro-cracked pattern depending of the mesostructure of these materials. From these observations, a discussion is presented on the influence that the addition of ceramic aggregates exerts on the confined behaviour of these composites. The tests showed a highly beneficial effect of the presence of particles, on both the deviatoric strength and the compaction law of the concretes considered.     

一种超高耐久混凝土——梯度结构混凝土

分析超高耐久混凝土的研究现状,提出了一种高耐久、低成本的超高耐久混凝土--梯度结构混凝土(Gradient Structural Concrete,简称GSC),采用电量法和氯离子扩散系数法来评价梯度结构混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能,最后进行梯度结构混凝土的寿命预测与成本分析.结果表明,高性能混凝土(High Performance Concrete,简称HPC)、无细观界面过渡区水泥基复合材料(Meso-interfacial transition zone-free cement-based materials,简称 MIF)和梯度结构混凝土MIF-HPC的6 h导电量和氯离子扩散系数的排列顺序均为:HPC>MIF-HPC>MIF,其抗氯离子渗透性能排列顺序为:MIF>MIF-HPC>HPC.梯度结构混凝土的成本会有所增加,但由于其氯离子渗透性能大幅降低,其使用寿命得到大幅延长,使得其年损耗费用大幅下降.