Subcritical, nontypical and period-doubling bifurcations of a delta wing in a low speed wind tunnel

Limit Cycle Oscillations (LCOs) involving Delta wings are an important area of research in modern aeroelasticity. Such phenomena can be the result of geometric or aerodynamic nonlinearity. In this paper, a flexible half-span Delta wing is tested in a low speed wind tunnel in order to investigate its dynamic response. The wing is designed to be more flexible than the models used in previous research on the subject in order to expand the airspeed range in which LCOs occur. The experiments reveal that this wing features a very rich bifurcation behavior. Three types of bifurcation are observed for the first time for such an aeroelastic system: subcritical bifurcations, period-doubling/period-halving and nontypical bifurcations. They give rise to a great variety of LCOs, even at very low angles of attack. The LCOs resulting from the nontypical bifurcation display Hopf-type behavior, i.e. having fundamental frequencies equal to one of the linear modal frequencies. All of the other LCOs have fundamental frequencies that are unrelated to the underlying linear system modes.     

Numerical modelling of aeroelastic behaviour of an airfoil in viscous incompressible flow

In this paper, the problem of the numerical approximation of a two-dimensional incompressible viscous fluid flow interacting with a flexible structure is considered. Due to high Reynolds numbers in the range 10⁴ − 10⁶ the turbulent character of the flow is considered and modelled with the aid of Reynolds equations coupled with the k − ω turbulence model. The structure motion is described by a system of ordinary differential equations for three degrees of freedom: vertical displacement, rotation and rotation of the aileron. The problem is discretized in space by the Galerkin Least-Squares stabilized finite element method and the computational domain is treated with the aid of Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian method.     

A check on the energy method of predicting blade transonic stall flutter

An improved structural dynamic model of an oscillating blade in two degrees of freedom is combined with an unsteady aerodynamic model for the transonic flow about a cascade with separation, which results in a coupled system. The system is solved in an iterative way between the two models. As a check on the current energy methods, the stall flutter boundaries for two real rotors are predicted by using the present method and the results are compared with the experiments and those predicted by using an energy method.     

进口受控非定常来流同振荡叶栅相互作用的Euler方程数值解

将 Dcnton 的四角点有限面积格式用于求解变换坐标系下的非定常 Euler 方程组,在振荡叶片附近局部子域构造了一种按等差级数分布的动态网格,从而节省了计算时间,对于本方法的正确性进行了初步检验并与相应的实验进行了对比,在进口总压简谐振荡的束流条件下,计算了零安装角平板叶栅和53°安装角双凸叶栅扭转振荡的非定常流场,结果表明,进口受控扰动同振荡叶栅之间的相互作用在有压力梯度的情况下可以定性地改变叶栅的气动阻尼。     

Aeroelastic behavior of a flag in ground effect

The aeroelastic behavior of a flexible plate subjected to a uniform axial flow is investigated in the presence of a rigid plane set parallel to the plate. It is shown that the ground effect reduces the flutter inflow velocity and strengthens the possibility of using the flag for extracting energy from winds and currents. The numerical analysis is carried out assuming that both the unsteady potential incompressible flow and the plate can be described with 2D models, i.e., a lumped vortex panel method and a nonlinear Euler–Bernoulli beam model, respectively, without losing the essential features of the fluid–structure interaction. Asymmetry of post-critical behavior (limit-cycle oscillations) and sensitivity of the results to the main flag parameters (distance from the ground, mass ratio and damping) are also considered, including also the energy distribution over the identified proper orthogonal modes. The investigated reduction of the flutter velocity in ground effect has been also confirmed with experimental tests relative to a polypropylene flag with and without the rigid panel mimicking the presence of the ground.     

多场耦合求解非线性气动弹性的研究综述

非线性气动弹性分析中,涉及到非线性流体动力学和非线性结构动力学的耦合问题.阐述了国内外应用计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)/计算结构动力学(computational structural dynamics,CSD)耦合求解技术来处理非线性气动弹性问题的研究现状,全面分析了流体域和结构域的非线性特征模拟技术、高效网格运动策略、耦合界面相容性条件、耦合计算效率及降阶技术、气动弹性实验及算法验证、多学科耦合求解等关键技术,总结了相关最新研究的方法和成果, 对比分析了其优缺点并提出了展望.      

静气动弹性计算方法研究

对基于结构网格的Euler方程及N-S方程求解器和基于非结构网格的Euler方程求解器,采用结构模态分析方法和柔度矩阵方法,对无人机大展弦比机翼在Ma=0.6,α=2?, 飞行高度20km的巡航状态下的静气动弹性特性进行了数值模拟. 验证了两种求解器对静气动弹性模拟的准确性. 同时,对模态分析方法和柔度矩阵方法进行了对比研究,发现柔度矩阵方法更适用于静气动弹性数值模拟. 另外,对应用物面法向偏转方法替代网格变形技术模拟静气动弹性进行了研究,计算表明物面法向偏转方法可以大大提高静气动弹性计算效率和克服机翼结构变形过大时动网格技术无法处理的不足.      

风力机叶片非线性挥舞分析

将风力机叶片简化为绕轮毂旋转的变截面Euler-Bernoulli悬臂梁,基于Greenberg公式给出非线性气动力,建立叶片挥舞振动非线性控制方程.由于变截面梁的弯曲刚度和线密度是沿梁轴线变化的函数,无法给出模态函数解析式,论文提出使用假设模态法计算的模态函数,作为基函数对控制方程进行Galerkin截断,通过将挥舞振动分解为静态位移和动态扰动合成,对其进行动态响应分析,同时讨论了叶轮转速、风速和旋转位置对振动特性的影响.研究表明:(1)叶轮转速对叶片挥舞特性影响显著,风速和叶片转角对振动特性影响很小.(2)静态位移随风速增加而增大,大体上成线性关系,气动阻尼随风速增加而减小.(3)风速较低时,非线性挥舞振动表现为衰减振动,随着风速增加,振动由衰减振动演化为周期运动,再由周期运动演化为拟周期运动.     

基于螺旋桨滑流效应的大展弦比机翼气动弹性分析

以高空长航时大展弦比太阳能无人机机翼为研究对象，针对分布式电驱螺旋桨滑流和大展弦比机翼之间耦合的复杂气动干涉问题，采用滑移网格方法、动网格技术、SST k-ω RANS湍流模型和CFD/CSD （Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics）双向流固耦合技术，研究了螺旋桨不同转速、布局方式和气动阻尼对机翼气动弹性响应的影响。数值计算结果表明，螺旋桨滑流会改变机翼表面的压力分布；螺旋桨流场对机翼的扰动频率接近机翼的结构固有频率时，机翼会发生共振；螺旋桨的位置越靠近翼尖，或螺旋桨的数量增多，都将增加机翼气动弹性响应的幅值。     

适用于几何非线性气动弹性分析的结构动力学降阶模型方法研究

几何非线性是壁板颤振和大展弦比机翼气动弹性等问题的一个主要特征，在进行数值仿真分析时往往需要采用商业非线性有限元求解器，存在计算量大和耦合迭代策略不易控制等问题。本文发展了一种适用于几何非线性的结构动力学降阶模型(CSD-ROM),利用广义坐标的非线性多项式表征非线性内力，采用参数识别方法获取多项式系数，并通过增加额外的线性模态来改善模型预测精度。基于此方法，分别针对壁板颤振、切尖三角翼的CFD/CSD-ROM非线性颤振问题开展了时域响应分析。计算结果表明，通过CSD-ROM计算出的壁板颤振速度为590 m/s,颤振频率为174 Hz,与有限元结果误差分别为0.8%和1.7%。马赫数0.879时切尖三角翼的颤振动压预测结果为2.25 psi,与非线性有限元相比的误差为3.8%。本文采用的非线性和线性模态基底组合方法，在保证计算精度的基础上可有效降低训练样本数量，一定程度上可替代非线性有限元开展气动弹性分析。