On the enthalpy of melting of poly(l-lactide)

Poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) is an extensively employed biodegradable semicrystalline polymer with usage from implantable medical devices and drug release matrices to environmentally friendly packaging materials. Since the morphology and crystallinity considerably determine the application field, PLLA samples with a large variation in crystallinity (going from below 20% to over 70%) were prepared by different procedures. Subsequent differences in morphology, crystallinity and thermal properties were followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The value of the enthalpy of melting of a perfectly (100%) crystalline PLLA was determined (ΔH_f = 115.7?J/g).     

Complex copper(II) fluorides. XV. The Ternary System BaF2?CuF2?ScF3

The liquid-solid phase diagram of the binary system BaF₂? ScF₃ is established by D.T.A. and radiocrystallography. Three fluorides are disclosed: Ba₃Sc₂F₁₂, Ba₅Sc₃F₁₉ and a cubic high temperature phase Ba_1?xSc_xF_2+x (x = 0.17), the structure of which derives from that of BaF₂. A solid solution between BaF₂ and ScF₃ is also evidenced at high temperature. The ternary system BaF₂? CuF₂? ScF₃ is investigated by radiocrystallography and an isothermal section at 670°C is given. It shows the existence of four phases: a complex quaternary fluoride Ba₁₀Cu₁₂ScF₄₇, two “polytypic” phases the structure of which derives from that of BaCuF₄ and a tetragonal solid solution Ba₅Sc_3?xCu_xF_19?x with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.     

Zur Bildung und Struktur der Phosphinophosphiniden-phosphorane tBu2P?PP(Me)tBu2 1, tBu(Me3Si)P?PP(Me)tBu2 2 und tBu2P?PP(Br)tBu2 3

Synthesis and Structure of Phosphinophosphinidene-phosphoranes tBu₂P? P?P(Me)tBu₂ 1, tBu(Me₃Si)P? P?P(Me)tBu₂ 2, and tBu₂P? P?P(Br)tBu₂ 3 A new method for the synthesis of 1 and 2 (Formulae see ?Inhaltsübersicht”?) is reported based on the reaction of 5 with substitution reagents (Me₂SO₄ or CH₃Cl). The results of the X-ray structure determination of 1 and 2 are given and compared with those of 3 . While in 3 one P? P distance corresponds to a double bond and the other P? P distance to a single bond (difference 12.5 pm) the differences of the P? P distances in 1 and 2 are much smaller: 5.28 pm in 1 , 4.68 pm in 2 . Both 1 and 2 crystallize monoclinic in the space group P2₁/n (Z = 4). 2 additionally contains two disordered molecules of the solvent pentane in the unit cell. Parameters of 1 : a = 884.32(8) pm, b = 1 924.67(25) pm, c = 1 277.07(13) pm, β = 100.816(8)°, and of 2 : a = 1 101.93(12) pm, b = 1 712.46(18) pm, c = 1 395.81(12) pm, β = 111.159(7)°, all data collected at 143 K. The skeleton of the three P atoms is bent (PPP angle 100.95° for 1 , 100.29° for 2 and 105.77° for 3 ). Ab initio SCF calculations are used to discuss the bonding situation in the molecular skeleton of the three P atoms of 1 and 3 . The results show a significant contribution of the ionic structure R₂P? P(^?)? P(⁺)(X)R₂. The structure with (partially) charged P atoms is stabilized by bulky polarizable groups R (as tBu) as compared to the fully covalent structure R₂P? P(X)? PR₂.     

Conformation of BEDT-TTF molecules in the crystal

Based on comparison of low-temperature x-ray diffraction data for BEDT-TTF salts and quantum chemical MNDO calculations, we have shown that the most energetically favorable conformation of the BEDT-TTF molecule is not realized in the crystal. A local energy minimum 0.035 eV above the ground state corresponds to the conformation detected in the crystal. The x-ray diffraction data and the MNDO results suggest weak participation of the heteroatoms of the six-membered rings in the conjugation with the -system of the TTF-fragment in the BEDT-TTF and BEDO-TTF molecules.Institute of Chemical Physics at Chernogolovka, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 890–894, April, 1992.     

Molecular structure and spectral properties of thionaphthalimides

The molecular structure and absorption spectra of monothio- and dithio-naphthalimides were compared to their naphthalimide analogues using AM1, PM3 and ZINDO/S semiempirical quantum chemical methods. The substitution of the 4R-naphthalimide oxygen atoms by sulphur atoms resulted in a red-shift of the absorption spectra by Δλ_max60-65 and 100-140 nm, respectively. The thionated naphthalimide derivatives do not show observable fluorescence due to intersystem crossing to the triplet -states localised at the CS groups. The -absorption bands of monothioimides are located at 525-580 nm (ε=60-80) and those for dithioimides at 535-560 nm (ε=140-390) and 628-686 nm (ε=34-68). None of these transitions are solvent sensitive. The -transitions of N-phenylthioimides have also a small contribution from -states due to a partial conjugation between CS group and π-electronic system of the N-phenyl ring. As a result, the bands of aromatic substituted N-phenylthioimides are red-shifted as compared to those of the aliphatic N-methyl-thioimides.     

C_(70)R_2(R=OH,CH_3)的结构和电子光谱

INDO方法研究了C70R2（R＝OH，CH3）4种异构体的结构和稳定性，表明1，9－C70（OH）2比7，8－C70（OH）2稳定，两者能量差为38．5kJ／mol，而7，8－C70（CH3）2比1，9－C70（CH3）2能量低23．0kJ／mol．以优化构型为基础，对C70R2（R＝OH，CH3）的电子光谱进行了理论预测．     

Synthesen,Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalysen und 29Si-Festkörper-NMR-Untersuchungen eines zwitterionischen λ5-Spirosilicats und eines käfigartigen Octa(silasesquioxans)

Syntheses, Single-Crystal X-Ray Analyses and Solid-State ²⁹Si NMR Studies of a Zwitterionic λ⁵-Spirosilicate and a Cage-like Octa(silasesquioxane) The zwitterionic λ⁵-spirosilicate bis[2,3-naphthalenediolato(2 ?)][2-(dimethylammonio)phenyl]silicate ( 1 ; isolated as 1 · 1/2 CH₃CN) was synthesized by reaction of the [2-(dimethylamino)phenyl]dimethoxyorganosilanes 5, 6 and 7 [2-(Me₂N)C₆H₄Si(OMe)₂R: R = Ph ( 5 ), cyclo? C₆H₁₁ ( 6 ), Me ( 7 )] with 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene in acetonitrile at room temperature. Reaction of 1 · 1/2 CH₃CN or [2-(dimethylamino)phenyl]trimethoxysilane ( 3 ) with water in acetonitrile yielded the cage-like octa{[2-(dimethylamino)phenyl]silasesquioxane} ( 2 ). The crystal structures of 1 · 1/2 CH₃CN and 2 were studied by X-ray diffraction. In addition, 1 · 1/2 CH₃CN and 2 were characterized by solid-state (²⁹Si CP/MAS) and solution NMR studies (¹H, ¹³C, ²⁹Si).     

Alkylidinphosphane und -arsane. I [P ≡ C?S]−[Li(dme)3]+ – Synthese und Struktur

Alkylidynephosphanes and -arsanes. I [P ≡ C? S]^?[Li(dme)₃]⁺ – Synthesis and Structure O,O′-Diethyl thiocarbonate and bis(tetrahydrofuran)-lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)phosphanide dissolved in 1,2-dimethoxyethane, react below 0°C to give ethoxy trimethylsilane and tris(1,2-dimethoxyethane-O,O′)lithium 2λ³-phosphaethynylsulfanide – [P≡C? S]^? [Li(dme)₃]⁺ – ( 1a ). Apart from bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfane or carbon oxide sulfide, dark red concentrated solutions of λ³-phosphaalkyne 1 are also obtained from reactions of carbon disulfide with bis(tetrahydrofuran)-lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)phosphanide or with the homologous lithoxy-methylidynephosphane ( 2 ) [1]. The ir spectrum shows two absorptions at 1762 and 747 cm^?1 characteristic for the P≡C and C? S stretching vibrations. The nmr parameters {δ(³¹P) ? 121.3; δ(¹³C) 190.8 ppm; ¹J_CP 18.2 Hz} resemble much more values of diorganylamino-2λ³-phosphaalkynes than those of bis(1,2-dimethoxyethane-O,O′)lithoxy-methylidyne-phosphane ( 2a ). As found by an X-ray structure analysis (P2₁/c; a = 1192.6(16); b = 1239.1(19); c = 1414.8(26) pm; β = 105.91(13)° at ?100 ± 3°C; Z = 4 formula units; wR = 0.064) of pale yellow crystals (mp. + 16°C) isolated from the reaction with O,O′-diethyl thiocarbonate, the solid is built up of separate [P≡C? S]^? and [Li(dme)₃]⁺ ions. Typical bond lengths and angles are: P≡C 155.5(11); C? S 162.0(11); Li? O 206.4(17) to 220.3(20) pm; P≡C? S 178.9(7)°.     

Regioselective Borylation of Porphyrins by C?H Bond Activation under Iridium Catalysis to Afford Useful Building Blocks for Porphyrin Assemblies

Highly regioselective and efficient borylation of a variety of porphyrins has been achieved by reaction with bis(pinacolato)diboron through C? H bond activation under iridium catalysis on the basis of the synthetic protocol developed by Miyaura, Hartwig, and Smith. A boryl group can be selectively introduced at sterically uncongested positions in the peripheral aryl groups of porphyrin substrates whose peripheral β‐positions are sterically hindered. Curiously, β substituents adjacent to the aryl group to be borylated have unexpectedly large effects on the regioselectivity, because the iridium catalyst can discriminate between subtle steric differences. Chemoselective borylation was also achieved for several functionalized porphyrins. This borylation protocol can be applied to various monomeric and oligomeric functional porphyrins, hence offering an efficient route to elaborate multiporphyrin‐based molecular constructs.