Complexation of trivalent lanthanide cations by inositol in solid state. The crystal structure and Raman spectra study of NdCl3·inositol·9H2O

The crystal structure of NdCl₃·C₆H₁₂O₆·9H₂O has been determined. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, p2(1)/n space group with cell dimensions: a=15.824(3) Å, b=8.633(2) Å, c=16.219(3) Å, β=107.24°, V=2116.1(7) ų and Z=4. Each Nd ion is coordinated to nine oxygen atoms, two from inositol and seven from water molecules, with an Nd–O distance of 2.449–2.683 Å, the other two water molecules are hydrogen bonded. No direct contacts exist between Nd and Cl. There is an extensive network of hydrogen bonds in hydroxyl groups, water molecules and chloride ions in the crystal structure of the lanthanide complex. The Raman spectra of Pr–, Nd– and Sm–inositol are similar, which show that the three metal ions have the same coordination mode. The Raman spectra are consistent with their structures.     

聚甲基丙烯酸与修饰聚丙烯酰胺间的络合作用

利用荧光各向异性,荧光探针和荧光猝灭等静态光物理技术研究了稀水溶液中聚甲基丙烯酸（ＰＭＡＡ）与阳离子修饰聚丙烯酰胺（ＱＣＰＡＭ）间的络合作用。结果表明：在ｐＨ＝２－８范围内,ＰＭＡＡ与ＱＣＰＡＭ之间发生明显络合,但以ｐＨ为４时络合作用最大,最佳络合本比为１：１（单体单元比）,络合作用的发生大大地改变了ＰＭＡＡ的构象行为,ＰＭＡＡ构象对ｐＨ和络合作用的双重依赖性有可能在新型“智能”凝胶的设计合成上获     

Bis(crown ethers) derived from biphenyl: extraction and electrochemical properties

Ligands derived from 4,4′-dinitrobiphenyl containing azacrown cavities in the 2,2′ position have been used in extraction and transport experiments. Control experiments with a system containing only one complexing cavity have demonstrated that the capability of forming a sandwich-type complex in the aforementioned ligand not only increases extraction but also the transport across a liquid membrane. Extraction studies have also shown that the complex present in the membrane has a 1:1 stoichiometry with regard to both ligands. Electrochemical studies have also been carried out. The ligand containing two complexing cavities is capable of giving rise to a 2:1 complex under electrochemical conditions.     

[10]Paracyclophanediamides and their octadehydro derivatives: novel exotopic receptors with hydrogen-bonding sites on the bridge

2,9-Diaza-1,10-dioxo[10]paracyclophanes were prepared in short steps from the terephthaloyl chlorides via the corresponding 4,6-diyne derivatives, and the amide groups on the bridge endow the skeleton with the guest-binding properties as demonstrated by complexation with adrenaline by hydrogen bonds. The chiral auxiliaries on the bridge induce diastereomeric preference in terms of the planar chirality for the octadehydro derivative with a rigid diyne unit in crystal.     

Enhancement of the conductivity detection signal in capillary electrophoresis systems using neutral cyclodextrins as sweeping agents

Conductivity detection is a universal detection technique often encountered in electrophoretic separation systems, especially in modern chip‐electrophoresis based devices. On the other hand, it is sparsely combined with another contemporary trend of enhancing limits of detection by means of various preconcentration strategies. This can be attributed to the fact that a preconcentration experimental setup usually brings about disturbances in a conductivity baseline. Sweeping with a neutral sweeping agent seems a good candidate for overcoming this problem. A neutral sweeping agent does not hinder the conductivity detection while a charged analyte may preconcentrate on its boundary due to a decrease in its effective mobility. This study investigates such sweeping systems theoretically, by means of computer simulations, and experimentally. A formula is provided for the reliable estimation of the preconcentration factor. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the conductivity signal can significantly benefit from slowing down the analyte and thus the overall signal enhancement can easily overweight amplification caused solely by the sweeping process. The overall enhancement factor can be deduced a priori from the linearized theory of electrophoresis implemented in the PeakMaster freeware. Sweeping by neutral cyclodextrin is demonstrated on an amplification of a conductivity signal of flurbiprofen in a real drug sample. Finally, a possible formation of unexpected system peaks in systems with a neutral sweeping agent is revealed by the computer simulation and confirmed experimentally.     

Evaluation of copper(II)-binding ability of humic acids in peat using sulphopropyl-Sephadex C-25 cation exchanger

A method for the determination of copper(II) complexes with humic acids was developed by batch operation with the cation exchanger sulphopropyl-Sephadex C-25 (C-25). The copper-binding ability (conditional stability constants and copper-complexing capacities) of humic acids which were extracted from peat in Hokkaido was evaluated. A solution containing copper(II) ions and humic acids was shaken with the C-25 exchanger. The copper-humic acid complexes remained in the supernatant and the uncomplexed free copper ion was retained on the C-25. The copper-humic acid complexes were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The copper-binding ability of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) as a model ligand was similarly determined with a Scatchard plot. The conditional stability constant obtained at pH 4.5 was in good agreement with the reported value. The copper-binding abilities of the humic acids from peat were estimated using a Scatchard plot adopting a two-site model. The functional groups in the humic acids which contribute to the complexation with copper were investigated by conductimetric and pH titration, and the relationship between the copper-binding sites and functional groups in the humic acids was investigated.     

Short chain acyclic crown ethers

A series of short chain acyclic crown ethers such as (1,2), (1,3), (1,4)-phenylenediethers and some symmetric or assymmetrico-substituted phenyl ethers were prepared. The complexation studies of these compounds were carried out by a) direct UV titration method, b) picrate extraction method and c) isolation of crystalline complex.Taken in part from the master's thesis ofMaria Cecilia Bastos Vieira de Souza, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, 1978.     

A DFT study of molecular structures and tautomerizations of 2-benzoylpyridine semicarbazone and picolinaldehyde N-oxide thiosemicarbazone and their complexations with Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)

The structure optimizations of picolinaldehyde N-oxide thiosemicarbazone (Hpiotsc), 2-benzoylpyridine semicarbazone (H2BzPS), their imino tautomers and their complexes with Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) were carried out using DFT calculations. The structures of Hpiotsc and H2BzPS ligands, transition states of their tautomerizations were obtained at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level and their thermodynamic properties were derived from the frequency calculations at the same level of theory. The B3LYP/LANL2DZ-optimized structures of Hpiotsc and H2BzPS complexes with Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II), and the thermodynamic properties of their complexations derived from the B3LYP/LANL2DZ-frequency calculations were obtained. The B3LYP/LANL2DZ-optimized geometrical parameters for the [Ni(Hpiotsc)₂]²⁺, [Cu(Hpiotsc).Cl₂], and [Zn(Hpiotsc).Cl₂] complexes show good agreement with their corresponding X-ray crystallographic data.     

Copper Microelectrode as Liquid Chromatography Detector for Herbicide Glyphosate

Electrochemical behavior of herbicide glyphosate at copper microelectrode was investigated in alkaline and buffer solutions, and two mechanisms seemed to take place for glyphosate: i) complexation reaction at lower potential in alkaline and buffer solutions and ii) catalysis process at higher potential in alkaline solution. It was demonstrated that the copper microelectrode can be used as coulometric detector for glyphosate in HPLC, using the complexation reaction in buffer solution. Under optimized conditions, the detection limit for glyphosate was 5.9×10^?7 mol L^?1. The present method was successfully applied to the determination of glyphosate in tomato juice with a recovery of 88%.