基于超声波换能器的钢筋机械损伤与锈蚀损伤检测及其对比研究

超声导波检测技术有检测耗时少、覆盖范围大等优点.为检测钢筋混凝土结构中钢筋损伤,采用超声波换能器研究不同深度和位置的机械损伤对超声导波传播的影响,建立损伤程度与导波特征关系.通过反射系数C定量分析损伤程度,并结合损伤反射回波判断损伤位置.在钢筋点锈蚀以及均匀锈蚀损伤检测中,锈蚀程度达到最大时,L波实际波速分别为4 738.1 m·s^-1和5 069.7 m·s^-1,以此区分锈蚀损伤与机械损伤,最后基于小波变换的时频分析判断损伤状况.研究成果可为钢筋损伤检测研究提供参考.     

The simulation of ultrasonic beams with a Gaussian beam equivalent point source model

Point Sources and Gaussian beams are used frequently as fundamental building blocks for developing ultrasonic beam models. Both these models have different weaknesses that limit their effectiveness. Here, we will show that one can develop a Gaussian Beam Equivalent Point Source （GBEPS） model that removes those weaknesses and combines the accuracy and versatility of the point source models with much of the speed and well-behaved nature of Gaussian beam models. We will demonstrate the efficiency and versatility of this new GBEPS model in simulating the beams generated from ultrasonic phased arrays, using as few as one Gaussian beam per element of the array. A single element GBEPS model will be shown to be as accurate as a point source model even when substantial beam focusing or steering is present in the array or where the array beam is transmitted through an interface. At the same time the GBEPS model will be shown to be several orders of magnitude faster than the point source model.     

Non-contact evaluation of the resonant frequency of a microstructure using ultrasonic wave

This paper presents a novel non-contact method for evaluating the resonant frequency of a microstructure, Firstly, the microstructure under test is excited by ultrasonic waves. This excitation method does not impose any undefined load on the specimen like the electrostatic excitation and also this is the first actual use of ultrasonic wave for exciting a microstructure in the literature. Secondly, the amplitudes of the microstructure are determined by image edge detection using a Mexican hat wavelet transform on the vibrating images of the microstructure. The vibrating images are captured by a CCD camera when the microstructure is vibrated by ultrasonic waves at a series of discrete high frequencies （〉30 kHz）. Upon processing the vibrating images, the amplitudes at various excitation frequencies are obtained and an amplitude-frequency spectrum is obtained from which the resonant frequency is subsequently evaluated. A micro silicon structure consisting of a perforated plate （192 × 192 μm） and two cantilever beams （76 × 43 μm） which is about 4 μm thickness is tested. Since laser interferometry is not required, thermal effects on a test object can be avoided. Hence, the setup is relatively simple. Results show that the proposed method is a simple and effective approach for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of microstructures.     

血液中声参量测量值与混合定则的比较

本文测量了猪、羊、牛血液的声速和非线性声参量以及血液中水、蛋白质、脂肪的含量.把结果与Apfel和Sehgal声参量混合定则作了比较.指出两个混合定则能够反映血液声参量与其水、蛋白质、脂肪含量的关系,但在精确定量上与实验尚有距离.     

新一代超声波玉石加工机问世

交通部上海船舶运输科学研究所,采用全部国产化元、器件,经过3年多时间的努力,研制成功了新一代超声波玉石加工机,命名为CK-250-1型。前不久在北京通过定型鉴定。 该机由超声波发生器、振动系统和机床部等三大部分组成。超声波发生器:全晶体管化;输出电功率≥250W(连续可调),工作频率为21kHz±2kHz,输出阻抗:45Ω、50Ω、75Ω、100Ω、150Ω五档;有他激、自激两种工作方式,在满负荷功率下可连续工作8小时,功耗不大于450VA。振动系统:由阶梯式压电型振     

超声波原油破乳脱水的声场参数实验研究

本文阐明了超声波原油破乳脱水基本原理,实验研究了超声场参数对脱水率的影响,其中,声强,辐照时间和频率和影响原油脱水率的主要因素,而间歇比,脉冲宽度为次要回素,对本实验系统而言,声场参数有一个最佳值或范围,声强0.65W/cm^2,频率20kHz,间歇比8,脉冲宽度9.7ms,辐照时间5－10min.     

超声波电机的原理与应用

 超声波电机(Ultrasonic Motor，USM )是国外近20年发展起来的一种新型电机。事实上，在超声波电机问世之前，已有以压电效应进行驱动的电机，但其频率并不局限于超声波范围内。早在1984年，威廉和布朗就申请了“压电马达”的美国的专利；1964年，前苏联基辅理工学院设计了第一个压电旋转电机；1970～1972年西门子和松下发明了压电步进电机，不过因为无法达到较大的输出转矩而没能实际应用。1980年日本指田年生研制成超声波压电电动机（即现代意义上的超声波电动机），克服了传统压电电动机转换效率低和变位微小的缺陷，使压电电动机进入工业实用阶段。     

米兰花化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用超声波提取米兰花.然后对其化学成分进行GC-MS分析.从米兰花中分离确定了27种主要成分,其中萜类物质含量相对较高.     

固体杨氏模量的测量

通过测量超声波在固体介质中传播的纵波传播速度,进一步测量该固体的杨氏模量,得到了测量固体杨氏模量的一种新方法。