TURNING-POINT CONVERGENCE-ZONES IN THE DEEP SEA WITH NEGATIVE VELOCITY GRADIENT

An experimental result of the convergence-zone in the deep sea is presented.The result showsthat under the condition of negative velocity gradient the turning-point convergence-zones can beformed by the sounds reflected back from the sea bottom.For the source-and receiver-depth of100 m and the frequency of 200 Hz,the gains of the first three convergence-zones are about 14 dB.Calculated gain and positions of the convergence-zones are consistent with experiment.     

水下声道中的反转点会聚区(Ⅱ)广义射线理论

本文利用广义相积分近似给出一种声场的广义射线解,此解可用来计算焦散线以及反转点邻域的声场,而且具有物理图象清楚、计算方法比较简单的特点。文中较详细地分析了水下声道中反转点会聚区的焦散线结构以及声强分布规律,获得了形式比较简明、适用范围较宽的声强表式。计算表明,对于高频与窄带信号,在反转点会聚区接收的信号波形或者与发射信号相同、或是发射信号的Hilbert变换。     

三维耦合简正波-抛物方程理论及算法研究

研究三维海洋环境下声传播的快速数值预报方法。在广义相积分(WKBZ)理论和波束位移射线简正波(BDRM)理论的基础上,将二维耦合简正波-抛物方程理论推广至三维。三维耦合简正波-抛物方程(CMPE3D))理论的级数解由垂直方向的本地简正波和水平与方位角方向的简正波幅度系数组成。为了实现该理论的快速算法,在垂直方向上采用WKBZ理论和BDRM理论进行简正波分析,在水平与方位角方向采用与抛物方程模型FOR3D[Lee D.et al.,"Numerical Ocean AcousticPropagation in Three Dimensions",World Scientific,Singapore,1995]类似的方法来求解简正波幅度系数方程。数值计算结果表明,在精度相当的情况下,计算速度比抛物方程算法提高了约100倍,具有计算精度高、速度快的优点。     

水平缓变声道中的WKBZ绝热简正波理论

本文利用具有海面相移修正的本征函数的ＷＫＢＺ近似，并同时考虑波导简正波和海底反射简正波的贡献，提出了适合于水平缓变水下声道的ＷＫＢＺ绝热简正波理论。数值结果表明，会聚区声场主要由波导简正波决定，而影区声场主要由海底反射简正波决定。在菲律宾海中，频率范围在１０９ＨＺ至８６０ＨＺ，距离至２５０ｋｍ范围时，用ＷＫＢＺ绝热简正波理论计算的结果与实验数据符合得很好。     

Frequency Dependence of Transverse Correlation Coefficient in the Yellow Sea

Horizontal correlation is one of the most important characteristic parameters in ocean acoustics. In a shallow water acoustic experiment, we observed that the transverse correlation coemcient is an oscillation function of frequency. A model based on adiabatic normal mode theory in a random inhomogeneous waveguide which is statistically isotropic in a horizontal plane is developed. The theory indicates that the oscillation of the transverse correlation coefficient is mainly due to the normal mode interference.     

Inversion for Sound Speed Profile by Using a Bottom Mounted Horizontal Line Array in Shallow Water

Ocean acoustic tomography is an appealing technique for remote monitoring of the ocean environment. In shallow water, matched field processing （MFP） with a vertical line array is one of the widely used methods for inverting the sound speed profile （SSP） of water column. The approach adopted is to invert the SSP with a bottom mounted horizontal line array （HLA） based on MFP. Empirical orthonormal functions are used to express the SSP, and perturbation theory is used in the forward sound field calculation. This inversion method is applied to the data measured in a shallow water acoustic experiment performed in 2003, Successful results show that the bottom mounted HLA is able to estimate the SSP. One of the most important advantages of the inversion method with bottom mounted HLA is that the bottom mounted HLA can keep a stable array shape and is safe in a relatively long period.     

Bearing splitting and near-surface source ranging in the direct zone of deep water

Sound multipath propagation is very important for target localization and identification in different acoustical zones of deep water. In order to distinguish the multipath characteristics in deep water, the Northwest Pacific Acoustic Experiment was conducted in 2015. A low-frequency horizontal line array towed at the depth of around 150 m on a receiving ship was used to receive the noise radiated by the source ship. During this experiment, a bearing-splitting phenomenon in the direct zone was observed through conventional beamforming of the horizontal line array within the frequency band 160 Hz–360 Hz. In this paper, this phenomenon is explained based on ray theory. In principle, the received signal in the direct zone of deep water arrives from two general paths including a direct one and bottom bounced one, which vary considerably in arrival angles. The split bearings correspond to the contributions of these two paths. The bearing-splitting phenomenon is demonstrated by numerical simulations of the bearing-time records and experimental results, and they are well consistent with each other. Then a near-surface source ranging approach based on the arrival angles of direct path and bottom bounced path in the direct zone is presented as an application of bearing splitting and is verified by experimental results. Finally,the applicability of the proposed ranging approach for an underwater source within several hundred meters in depth in the direct zone is also analyzed and demonstrated by simulations.     

利用简正波频散特征映射方法进行海洋环境参数反演

浅海波导中传播的脉冲信号可以通过频散特征映射方法(warping变换)进行简正波的有效分离,这使得频散曲线的获取更加容易和准确.利用简正波频散特征映射方法分析2010年南海声层析实验中单个阵元接收的声学信号,有效分离出各号简正波,并进一步通过Wigner-Ville分布处理提取出波导中各号简正波的频散曲线.将提取的频散曲线与理论计算到达时差进行匹配,实现了利用单水听器信号的海洋环境参数反演.实验结果表明:将简正波分离与Wigner-Ville分布相结合可有效消除Wigner-Ville分布在估计多分量信号时的交叉干扰,提取的频散特征可很好地用于同时反演海水和海底声速剖面。为评价反演结果的有效性,对反演结果进行了后验概率分析,并将一小时内的海水声速剖面反演结果与温度链实测值作对比,二者符合较好.      

不确知海洋环境下的贝叶斯声源定位法

为了提高不确知海洋环境下的声源定位性能,贝叶斯声源定位法将环境参数与声源位置同时反演。该方法利用遗传算法在参数空间中寻优,将后验概率密度在环境参数起伏变化范围内积分,得到声源距离和深度的边缘概率分布,从中求得声源位置的最优值,并进行定位结果的不确定性分析。考虑到海底密度和衰减系数对匹配场处理代价函数的敏感性较弱,利用海底参数之间的经验关系实现这两个参数的间接反演。处理并分析了2000年的一次黄海声传播实验数据,研究表明,贝叶斯声源定位法对环境失配有较好的宽容性。采用经验公式可减少待反演参量维数,进一步提高定位的精度。      

Sequential Parameter Estimation Using Modal Dispersion Curves in Shallow Water

Existing sequential parameter estimation methods use the acoustic pressure of a line array as observations. The modal dispersion curves are employed to estimate the sound speed profile(SSP) and geoacoustic parameters based on the ensemble Kalman filter. The warping transform is implemented to the signals received by a single hydrophone to obtain the dispersion curves. The experimental data are collected at a range-independent shallow water site in the South China Sea. The results indicate that the SSPs are well estimated and the geoacoustic parameters are also well determined. Comparisons of the observed and estimated modal dispersion curves show good agreement.