基于虚拟仪器的远程控制砷/氟离子自动检测系统

叙述了一种基于虚拟仪器的远程控制砷、氟离子自动检测系统设计,主要介绍了仪器的整体技术路线、液体自动进样、采集电路、控制软件以及信号处理;当待测水环境中的砷、氟含量发生变化时,仪器通过三电极方法全自动的检测出电流变化,然后通过基于小波分析的信号去噪分析方法和峰面积计算方法计算出相应的离子浓度;实验结果表明,氟含量检测指标为最小分辨为0.2 ppm,检测范围是0.2~50 ppm;砷含量检测指标为最小分辨为0.1 ppb,检测范围是1~500 ppb;检测系统能够实现无人值守和远程无线控制,使饮用水中有害离子的现场实时快速监测成为可能。     

Signal processing for noncoherent underwater acoustic communication approaching channel capacity

Noncoherent underwater acoustic communication channel in adverse conditions is modeled as a phase-random Rayleigh fading channel,and its capacity curve is derived.To approach the channel capacity curve,the concatenated code of the nonbinary LDPC code and the constant weight code is proposed for noncoherent communication which can late be iteratively decoded in the probability domain.Without information of channel amplitude or phase in the receiver,statistic parameters of the respective signal and noise bins were estimated based on the moment estimation method,the posterior probabilities of the constant weight code words were further calculated,and the nonbinary LDPC code was decoded with the nonbinary factor graph algorithm.It is verified by simulations that by utilizing the proposed concatenated code and its processing algorithm,gap to channel capacity curve is reduced by 3 dB when compared to the existing method.Underwater communication experiments were carried out in both deep ocean（vertical communication,5 km）and shallow lake（horizontal communication,near 3 km,delay spread larger than 50 ms）,in which the signal frequency band was 6 kHz to10 kHz,and the data transmission rate Was 357 bps.The proposed scheme can work properly in both experiments with a signal-to-noise ratio threshold of 2 dB.The performance of the proposed algorithm Was well verified by the experiments.     

基于提升小波变换的雷达生命信号去噪技术

对于噪声干扰严重、非线性、非平稳、多奇异点的微弱雷达生命信号而言,去噪是对有用信号进行分析前的必要手段。基于多普勒效应原理和雷达噪声的统计特性,建立了雷达生命信号的模型,分别用传统小波变换和提升小波变换对强噪声干扰下的生命雷达信号进行了去噪处理,结果表明被强噪声污染的雷达生命信号可以用传统小波变换的方法和提升小波变换法对其有效去噪,提升小波变换去噪效果优于传统小波变换去噪效果,其信噪比(SNR)和均方误差(MSE)两个性能指标均高于传统小波去噪。对雷达生命信号进行去噪处理时,使用的小波基函数是sym8,分解层数为3层。     

正交多相码连续波主动声呐回波检测算法设计*

与常规脉冲式主动声呐相比,连续波主动声呐能够提高目标回波的时间处理增益和目标信息更新速率。本文提出一种由正交多相码合成的连续发射波形,分析了发射信号和目标回波模型,设计了多通道匹配滤波器组完成回波检测。为了进一步提高接收机检测性能,提出了多通道非相干积累的处理方法。通过数值仿真,分析提出的连续波形的多普勒分辨性能和目标信息更新率。通过蒙特卡罗法获取ROC曲线,比较了脉冲式主动声呐和连续波主动声呐在均匀混响背景下对单目标检测性能的差异。仿真结果表明,本文设计的连续波波形具有较好的多普勒分辨性能,在均匀混响背景下,回波检测算法能够明显提高单个目标的探测能力。     

舰船辐射噪声超混沌现象研究

水下弱目标探测和识别一直是水声信号处理领域中研究的难点。从Lyapunov指数谱、吸引子相空间轨迹的演化、分形维数等方面，对船舶辐射噪声是否存在超混沌现象进行了研究。实验结果表明，船舶辐射噪声信号确实存在至少两个正的Lyapunov指数，即存在超混沌现象。辐射噪声吸引子在相空间中的轨迹具有多方向伸展的趋势，且不同类型目标的吸引子具有不同的分形维数。研究结果为建立精确描述辐射噪声信号的非线性模型、为水下弱目标信号探测和识别提供一定的理论依据。     

第四讲语音信号处理的现状和展望

文章简要介绍了“语音信号处理”这一分支学科形成和发展的历史过程．指出了它在现代信息科学技术中的地位和作用．介绍了语音信号处理在应用领域的一些重要课题，如语音的低速率编码，语音的规则合成和文一语转换系统，语音识别和人一机语音对话等，这些仍然是当前研究的热点．文章最后展望了语音信号处理的发展前景，指出在这个领域还有很多难题等待人们去研究探索．     

声表面波卷积器用于信号处理的实验研究

利用所研制的声表面波卷积器对六种不同信号格式的信号(其中一些是在实际系统,如数字通信、雷达等中常采用的),进行了处理,所得结果是比较理想的。这表明声表面波卷积器在高速信号处理中的实用价值。     

Effects of Dual-Electrode Biasing on Er in a Toroidal Plasma

Two externally biased electrodes were inserted into the plasma on the KT-5C tokamak to test the effects on modifying the radial electric field Er, other than single biasing. Using various combinations of biasing voltage,the influences of double biasing are compared with the single biasing. It turns out that the effect of dual-biasing is also effective as a single one, but the outer electrode seems to be shielded by the inner one and show less influence. The results clearly show that the radial electric field Er changed by external biasing is intrinsically an effect localized at the edge of the plasma, which is caused by the electrode induced radial current; and dualelectrode biasing using the method similar to the single biasing seems not to be able to increase more distinctly the peaking effect on Er than the single biasing.     

Acoustic vector sensor signal processing

Acoustic vector sensor simultaneously, colocately and directly measures orthogonal components of particle velocity as well as pressure at single point in acoustic field so that is possible to improve performance of traditional underwater acoustic measurement devices or detection systems and extends new ideas for solving practical underwater acoustic engineering problems. Although acoustic vector sensor history of appearing in underwater acoustic area is no long, but with huge and potential military demands, acoustic vector sensor has strong development trend in last decade, it is evolving into a one of important underwater acoustic technology. Under this background, we try to review recent progress in study on acoustic vector sensor signal processing, such as signal detection, DOA estimation, beamforming, and so on.     

第十讲数字信号处理与数字信号处理器(DSP)

文章简要介绍了“数字信号处理”与“数字信号处理器（DSP）”的发展历史．在数字信号处理的应用中，实时实现是非常重要的，而DSP在实时处理中，扮演了一个重要的角色．文章中还介绍了DSP在实际应用中的一些关键技术，例如DSP的种类和选型，DSP的开发工具，实时软件的开发过程等．最后，还介绍了一些DSP的应用实例，如语音编码器，视频电话和视频会议系统，用于雷达和声纳的DSP并行处理系统