Integrating the environmental factor into the strategy updating rule to promote cooperation in evolutionary games

Many previous studies have shown that the environment plays an important role for social individuals. In this paper, we integrate the environmental factor, which is defined as the average payoff of all a player's neighbours, with the standard Fermi updating rule by introducing a tunable parameter, ω. It is found that the level of cooperation increases remarkably, and that the cooperators can better resist the invasion of defection with an increase in ω. This interesting phenomenon is then explained from a microscopic view. In addition, the universality of this mechanism is also proved with the help of the small-world network and the random regular graph. This work may be helpful in understanding cooperation behaviour in species from unicellular organisms up to human beings.     

Modulation depth of series SQUIDs modified by Josephson junction area

The superconducting quantum interference device(SQUID) amplifier is widely used in the field of weak signal detection for its low input impedance, low noise, and low power consumption. In this paper, the SQUIDs with identical junctions and the series SQUIDs with different junctions were successfully fabricated. The Nb/Al-AlO_x/Nb trilayer and input Nb coils were prepared by asputtering equipment. The SQUID devices were prepared by a sputtering and the lift-off method.Investigations by AFM, OM and SEM revealed the morphology and roughness of the Nb films and Nb/Al-AlO_x/Nb trilayer.In addition, the current–voltage characteristics of the SQUID devices with identical junction and different junction areas were measured at 2.5 K in the He~3 refrigerator. The results show that the SQUID modulation depth is obviously affected by the junction area. The modulation depth obviously increases with the increase of the junction area in a certain range. It is found that the series SQUID with identical junction area has a transimpedance gain of 58 ? approximately.     

稳态Q-tensor液晶流的Liouville定理

研究了三维空间中稳态Q-tensor液晶流模型,并用试探函数方法证明了当速度场u\in L^{\frac{\mathrm{9}}{\mathrm{2}},\mathrm{\infty }}({\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{3}})?\stackrel{·}{H^{\mathrm{1}}}({\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{3}}),液晶的张量型序参量\mathit{Q}\in H^{\mathrm{2}}({\mathrm{R}}^{\mathrm{3}})时,该稳态系统只有零平凡解。     

基于煅耗散最小的超临界二氧化碳传热优化研究

换热器性能的优化,不但能够强化传热减小阻力,而且能够节约能源和减少环境污染,这在能源日益短缺的今天具有重要的经济价值和社会效益。本文通过编程迭代的方法,对文献中的(火积)耗散均匀分布原则(EoED)和温差均匀分布原则(EoTD)略做改进,使改进后的两种优化原则更好地与实际应用相结合。基于改进后的两种优化原则,分析比较了二氧化碳在不同进口质量流量下,两种原则优化的效果.结果表明,从有效度、煅耗散数等沿管长Z方向的大小变化,显示(火积)耗散均匀分布原则优化结果明显优于温差均匀分布原则,表明煅耗散均匀分布原则的传热效率高于温差均匀分布原则.     

衍生化气相色谱-质谱法测定植物油中植物甾醇

植物油样品经氢氧化钾甲醇溶液皂化后,硅烷化衍生,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法建立了植物油中菜籽甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇4种植物甾醇含量的分析方法,研究了各植物甾醇衍生物的质谱特征和断裂机理。该方法方便快捷、准确可靠,检出限为0.01 g/kg,用于植物油样品中植物甾醇的组成和含量测定,结果满意。     

SPME/GC-MS鉴别地沟油新方法(Ⅱ)

采用固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱(SPME/GC-MS)方法测定地沟油中的微量杂质成分,通过对各种纯正植物油中的内源性微量成分与不同地区地沟油中的外源性杂质成分的对比分析,以及对地沟油中杂质成分来源的分析,确定了广州、贵州、深圳、北京等地区地沟油的特征成分,并作为鉴别指示成分。该方法灵敏度高、特征性强,在卫生部组织的地沟油检测盲样考核中,对阳性样品判断的准确率高达95.5%。     

Y2O3掺杂WO3光催化剂的制备及其性能

采用浸渍法合成了Y2O3 -WO3光催化剂,通过XRD和UV-Vis DRS测试手段对其进行了表征.以对苯二甲酸为探针分子,结合化学荧光技术研究了Y2O3 -WO3表面羟基自由基的生成.以溴百里香酚蓝(BTB)催化降解实验评价了其光催化活性.结果表明:与纯WO3相比,1.2％ Y2O3-WO3样品的吸收带边发生明显红移、在200～800 nm 区域有更强的光吸收.Y2O3-WO3样品的紫外和可见光催化活性随Y2O3含量增加先增加,当Y2O3含量为1.2％时分别达到最大值,然后随Y2O3含量的进一步增加而减小.与纯WO3相比,1.2％ Y2O3-WO3样品明显具有更高的紫外和可见光催化活性以及更大的羟基自由基生成速率.     

液相色谱-电喷雾质谱法分析脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠

采用电喷雾质谱(ESI/MS)技术建立了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)的烷基碳链分布、乙氧基分布及平均EO数、平均相对分子质量的测定方法;采用液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(LC-ESI/MS)测定了AES中的游离十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的含量。将本方法应用于实际样品的测定,并与核磁共振法测得的平均EO数进行比较,二者的测定结果相当吻合,从而验证了本法的可靠性。     

苯并寡聚乙二氧链螺旋体的合成

以对甲氧基苯酚、对苄氧基苯酚、对苯二酚和四乙二醇二磺酸酯这些简单化合物为原料,通过磺酸酯与酚的亲核取代反应及苄基保护、钯碳氢化去保护策略制备得到了4种新颖的苯并寡聚乙二氧链螺旋体化合物.     

酸洗对RDF热解动力学影响及半焦表面结构变化

以5W／％稀HCl溶液对各类城市生活垃圾衍生燃料（RDF）及其组分进行处理,考察在不同温度下快速热解生成半焦的动力学参数变化,并对半焦的比表面积和孔体积的变化和分形维数进行分析研究,试验结果发现酸洗后RDF热解速率提高,活化能降低,酸洗后半焦的比表面积和孔体积均有所减少,并随热解温度先升高而后下降,在450度附近出现极大值,对半焦的分形维数分析表明,酸洗后表面变得光滑,形成欧氏平面。